Following completion of the Combined M.D./Ph.D. Program, most students will pursue further clinical training in a residency program. Most will then continue their research training in either a medical fellowship or in a postdoctoral research position. Recently, a number of residency programs have emerged specifically tailored for MD/PhD Program graduates. These programs (called Fast-Tracks or Hemidocs) strive to combine both the clinical and research training, unlike a traditional residency program or postdoctoral position which generally focus on providing further training in either clinical or research techniques.

After residency and fellowship/postdoctoral training, most MD/PhD graduates will go on to work in academic or research positions. A study of the activities of 148 M.D./Ph.D. graduates over a 21-year period showed that 89 percent were in academic positions or research institutes. Those in academic positions held appointments primarily in clinical departments and the overwhelming majority were actively engaged in research and had successfully competed for research support (Acad. Med. 66: 162-164, 1991).

Graduates from the University of Minnesota's Combined MD/PhD Program have been extremely successful in securing positions in top postgraduate residency and fellowship positions. Recent graduates of the University of Minnesota's Combined M.D./Ph.D. Program are involved in the following postgraduate activities:

• completing a cytogenetics fellowship at the University of Minnesota in the Pathology Residency program.
• completing an infectious disease fellowship at the University of California-San Francisco following training in internal medicine at the University of Minnesota.
• completing a research fellowship in the Dermatology Residency Program at Harvard Medical School. Prior to Dermatology training, completed one year of Internal Medicine residency training at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
• completed a Pediatrics Residency at the Fairview-University Medical Center in September 1997.
• third-year resident at Massachusetts General Hospital in the combined Medicine/Pediatrics Residency Program.
• third-year Pediatrics resident at the University of Washington-Seattle and affiliated hospitals.
• second-year resident in the Internal Medicine residency program at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.
• third-year resident in the Pediatrics residency program at the Fairview-University Medical Center in Minneapolis.
• second-year resident in the combined Medicine/Pediatrics residency program at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, MA.
• radiology resident at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.
• resident in the Pathology residency program at the University of Washington, Seattle.
• resident in the Pathology residency program at Stanford University.
• pathology resident at Stanford University.
• resident in the Pediatrics residency program at the Fairview-University Medical Center in Minneapolis, MN.
• pathology resident at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.
• resident in the Internal Medicine residency program at Duke University.
• resident in Internal Medicine at Vanderbilt University.
• resident in the Combined Medicine/Pediatrics Residency Program at the University of Hawaii.