COURSE INFORMATION
Alphabetic Listing

BEP 233d. Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis Applications in Public Health and Clinical Medicine
Dr. G. Colditz
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

Concerned with the use of existing data to inform clinical decision making and health care policy, the course focuses on research synthesis (meta-analysis). The principles of meta-analytic statistical methods are reviewed, and the application of these to data sets is explored. Application of methods includes considerations for clinical trials and observational studies. The use of meta-analysis to explore data and identify sources of variation among studies is emphasized, as is the use of meta-analysis to identify future research questions.
Course Activities: Students prepare a protocol to conduct a meta-analysis and use existing meta-analysis software to apply principles outlined in the course to data sets provided for this purpose.

BEP 233t. Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis Applications in Public Health and Clinical Medicine
Dr. M. Stoto
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Concerned with the use of existing data to inform clinical decision making and health care policy, the course focuses on research synthesis (meta-analysis). The principles of meta-analytic statistical methods are reviewed, and the application of these to data sets is explored. Application of methods includes considerations for clinical trials and observational studies. The use of meta-analysis to explore data and identify sources of variation among studies is emphasized, as is the use of meta-analysis to identify future research questions.
Course Activities: Students prepare a protocol to conduct a meta-analysis and use existing meta-analysis software to apply principles outlined in the course to data sets provided for this purpose.

BIO 112a. Computing Principles and Methods
Ms. L. Allred, Dr. M. Pagano
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 1.5-hour lab each week.

Introductory course is designed to provide basic computer literacy to students from all disciplines. Topics include computer architecture and terminology; brief introductions to email and a web browser; brief introductions to text processing, word processing, spreadsheet, graphic, data management and statistical analysis programs in the Windows environment.

Course Note: Lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.
Pass/fail only. Minimum enrollment of 5 students.

BIO 113b. Introduction to SAS

Ms. L. Allred, Dr. M. Pagano

2.5 credits

Lectures, laboratories. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 1.5-hour lab
each week.

Provides intensive instruction in the use of SAS to prepare data for
statistical analysis. The focus is on database management and programming
problems. Basic issues in each of these areas are discussed in the
context of teaching the specific skills required to use SAS effectively.

Course Note: BIO 112a or signature of instructor required; credit is
given for only one section of BIO 113b or t; lab time to be announced at
first meeting.

BIO 113e. Introduction to SAS
Dr. T. Fenton (P), Dr. M. Pagano (S)
1.25 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions. Five 2-hour lab sessions.

Provides intensive instruction in the use of SAS to prepare data for statistical analysis. The focus is on database management and programming problems. Basic issues in each of these areas are discussed in the context of teaching the specific skills required to use SAS effectively.
Course Note: Credits is give only for one section of BIO 113a,e or s; lab time to be announced at first meeting

BIO 113s. Introduction to SAS
Ms. L. Allred (P), Dr. M. Pagano (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week (including laboratory sessions).

Provides intensive instruction in the use of SAS to prepare data for statistical analysis. The focus is on database management and programming problems. Basic issues in each of these areas are discussed in the context of teaching the specific skills required to use SAS effectively.
Course Note: Credit is given for only one section of BIO 113a,e or s; lab time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 200ab. Principles of Biostatistics
Dr. M. Pagano
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 1-hour sessions each week. One 2-hour lab each week.

Lectures and laboratory exercises acquaint the student with the basic concepts of biostatistics and their applications and interpretation. The computer is used throughout the course. Topics include descriptive statistics, graphics, diagnostic tests, probability distributions, inference, tests of significance, association, linear and logistic regression, life tables, and survival analysis.
Course Note: Credit is given for only one of these courses: BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab; this course cannot be counted as part of the credit requirement for a major or minor doctoral field course; course enrollment is limited to 150 students; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 200s. Principles of Biostatistics I
Dr. Testa
Lectures, laboratories. Five 2 - hour sessions and five 2- hour labs each week.

This course is the first part of introductory biostatistics and acquaints the student with the basic concepts and methods of biostatistics, their applications, and their interpretation. The material covered includes data presentation, numerical summary measures, rates and standardization, and life tables. Probability is introduced to quantify uncertainty, especially as it pertains to diagnostic and screening methods. Also covered are sampling distributions so that students may be introduced to confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. The computer is used throughou t the course, and the student will gain familiarity with the software package STATA.
Course Note: Requires a basic knowledge of mathematics and familiarity with use of personal computers.

BIO 200t. Principles of Biostatistics, Part II
Dr. C. Yiannoutsos (P) and Dr. S. Lagakos (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Five 2-hour sessions each week and five 2-hour labs each week.

This course is the second part of introductory biostatistics; it continues to explore inference in greater depth. Lectures and laboratory exercises will emphasize applied data analysis, building upon the fundamentals emphasized in BIO 200s. Topics covered include the comparison of two means, analysis of variance, non-parametric methods, inference on proportions, contingency tables, multiple 2 * 2 tables, correlation, simple regression, multiple regression and logistic regression, analysis of survival data, and sampling theory. The computer is used throughout the course, and the student will gain more familiarity with STATA.
Course Note: BIO 200s is required; students who successfully completed BIO 200s in 2001 are eligible to take BIO 200t in the 2002 Summer Institute.

BIO 201ab. Introduction to Statistical Methods
Dr. K. Gauvreau
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 2-hour lab each week.

Covers basic statistical techniques that are important for analyzing data arising from epidemiology, environmental health, biomedical and other public health-related research. Major topics include descriptive statistics, elements of probability, introduction to estimation and hypothesis testing, nonparametric methods, techniques for categorical data, regression analysis, analysis of variance, and elements of study design. Applications are stressed. Designed as an alternate to BIO 200ab, for students desiring more emphasis on theoretical developments or those having had an introductory statistics course at the level of BIO 200ab.
Course Note: Courses in algebra and calculus strongly recommended; credit is not given for both BIO 200ab and BIO 201ab; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 206s.Introductory Statistics for Medical Research
Dr. E. J. Orav
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Introduces basic biostatistical techniques with an emphasis on applications to clinical research. Topics include probability and statistics, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, non-parametrics, and power calculations.
Course Note: Designed primarily for participants in the Program in Clinical Effectiveness; no auditors.

BIO 207t. Statistics for Medical Research II
Dr. G. Reed, Dr. E.J. Orav
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 1.75-hour sessions each week.

Presents additional biostatistical techniques that commonly appear in the analysis of clinical databases and trials. Topics include contingency table analyses, log-rank tests, paired and matched analyses, analysis of variance and multiple comparisons procedures.
Course Note: BIO 206s required; no auditors.

BIO 208t. Statistics for Medical Research, Advanced
Dr. E. J. Orav
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Presents additional biostatistical techniques that commonly appear in the analysis of clinical databases and trials. This course will move at a faster pace than the alternative BIO 206t while covering all of the same topics (contingency tables, log-rank tests, paired and matched analyses, analysis of variance and multiple comparisons procedures). In addition, linear and logistic regression will be introduced.
Course Note: BIO 206s required; no auditors.

BIO209t Statistics for Medical Research, Translational
Dr. L. Sleeper (P), Dr. E. J. Orav (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Presents additional biostatistical techniques that are most relevant to researchers involved with designed experiments. Topics include contingency tables, paired analyses, simple analysis of variance, multiple comparisons procedures, two-way analysis of variance, and simple repeated measures analysis of variance.
Course Note: BIO 206s required; no auditors.

BIO 210cd. The Analysis of Rates and Proportions
Dr. R. Glynn
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 1.5-hour lab each week.

Emphasizes concepts and methods for analysis of data which are categorical, rate-of-occurrence (e.g., incidence rate), and time-to-event (survival duration). Stresses applications in epidemiology, clinical trials, and other public health research. Topics include measures of association, 2x2 tables, stratification, matched pairs, logistic regression, model building, analysis of rates, and survival data analysis using proportional hazards models.
Course Note: BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab or BIO 200s and BIO 200t or signature of instructor required; lab or section times to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 211cd. Regression and Analysis of Variance in Experimental Research
Dr. J. Ibrahim
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week; one 1-hour lab each week.

Covers analysis of variance and regression, including details of data-analytic techniques and implications for study design. Also included are probability models and computing. Students learn to formulate a scientific question in terms of a statistical model, leading to objective and quantitative answers.
Course Note: BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, or signature of instructor required; lab or section time will be announced at first meeting.

BIO 212cd. Survey Research Methods in Community Health
Dr. T. Mangione (P), Dr. S. Lagakos (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Covers research design, sample selection, questionnaire construction, interviewing techniques, the reduction and interpretation of data, and related facets of population survey investigations. Focuses primarily on the application of survey methods to problems of health program planning and evaluation. Treatment of methodology is sufficiently broad to be suitable for students who are concerned with epidemiological, nutritional, or other types of survey research.

BIO 213ab. Applied Regression for Clinical Research
Dr. E. J. Orav
5 credits
Lectures. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 1.5-hour lab each week.

This course will introduce students involved with clinical research to the practical application of multiple regression analysis. Linear regression, logistic regression and proportional hazards survival models will be covered, as well as general concepts in model selection, goodness-of-fit, and testing procedures. Each lecture will be accompanied by a data analysis using SAS and a classroom discussion of the results. The course will introduce, but will not attempt to develop the underlying likelihood theory.
Course Note: Previous introductory level statistics course and SAS programming ability required; lab or section time will be announced at first meeting.

BIO 214c. Principles of Clinical Trials
Dr. J. Ware
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Designed for individuals interested in the scientific, policy, and management aspects of clinical trials. Topics include types of clinical research, study design, treatment allocation, randomization and stratification, quality control, sample size requirements, patient consent, and interpretation of results. Students design a clinical investigation in their own field of interest, write a protocol for it, and critique recently published medical literature.
Course Note: BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, BIO 206s, BIO 207t, or BIO 200s and BIO 200t or signature of instructor required.

BIO 214t. Principles of Clinical Trials
Dr. K. Stanley, Dr. R. Gelber
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Designed for individuals interested in the scientific, policy, and management aspects of clinical trials. Topics include types of clinical research, study design, treatment allocation, randomization and stratification, quality control, sample size requirements, patient consent, and interpretation of results. Students design a clinical investigation in their own field of interest, write a protocol for it, and critique recently published medical literature.
Course Note: BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, BIO 206s, BIO 207t, or BIO 200s and BIO 200t or signature of instructor required.

BIO 222ab. Basics of Statistical Inference
Dr. P. Catalano
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 1.5 hour-sessions each week. One 2-hour lab each week.

This course will provide a basic, yet thorough introduction to the probability theory and mathematical statistics that underlie many of the commonly used techniques in public health research. Topics to be covered include probability distributions (normal, binomial, Poisson), means, variances and expected values, finite sampling distributions, parameter estimation (method of moments, maximum likelihood), confidence intervals, hypothesis testing (likelihood ratio, Wald and score tests). All theoretical material will be motivated with problems from epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health and other public health areas. This course is aimed towards second year doctoral students in fields other than Biostatistics.
Course Note: One intermediate level biostatistics course such as BIO 210cd, BIO 211cd, or permission of the instructor required; some elementary calculus and algebra skills; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 223cd. Applied Survival Analysis and Discrete Data Analysis
Dr. R. Xu
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week. One 1-hour optional lab each week.

This course will cover topics in both discrete data analysis (25% of class) and applied survival analysis (75% of class). The course will begin with a review of sampling plans and contingency table for discrete data. Further topics in discrete data analysis will include logistic regression, exact inference, and conditional logistic regression. This short survey of discrete data topics will provide a natural transition to analysis of survival data. Survival topics include: hazard, survivor, and cumulative hazard functions, Kaplan-Meier and actuarial estimation of the survival distribution, comparison of survival using log rank and other tests, regression models including the Cox proportional hazards model and accelerated failure time model, adjustment for time-varying covariates, and use of parametric distributions (exponential, Weibull) in survival analysis. Class material will include presentation of statistical methods for estimation and testing, along with current software (SAS, Stata, Splus) for implementing analyses of discrete data and survival data. Applications to real data will be emphasized.
Course Note: BIO 210cd, BIO 213ab, or BIO230ab required, or permission of instructor.

BIO 224t. Survival Methods in Clinical Research
Dr. R. Davis
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will cover the common approaches to the display and analysis of survival data, including Kaplan-Meier curves, log rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression. Computing, using SAS, will be an integral component of the course.
Course Note: BIO 210cd, BIO 211cd, BIO 213ab or signature of instructor required.

BIO 225c. Multiple Regression Analysis for Health Policy and Management
Dr. S. Normand
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 1.5-hour lab each week.

This course will provide a hands-on, non-mathematical introduction to the use and interpretation of regression modeling in health policy and management research. Simple and multiple linear regression, including the analysis of variance, will be emphasized and logistic regression will be introduced.
Course Note: BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, or equivalent required; students not in Health Policy and Management should discuss course with instructor prior to enrollment; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 226ab. Applied Longitudinal Analysis
Dr. B. Coull
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course covers modern methods for the analysis of repeated measures, correlated outcomes and longitudinal data, including the unbalanced and incomplete data sets characteristic of biomedical research. Topics include an introduction to the analysis of correlated data, repeated measures ANOVA, random effects and growth curve models, and generalized linear models for correlated data, including generalized estimating equations (GEE).
Course Activities: Homework assignments will focus on data analysis in SAS using PROC GLM, PROC MIXED, and PROC GENMOD.
Course Note: BIO 211cd, BIO 213ab, or BIO 232ab, or signature of instructor required; lab or section time will be announced at first meeting.

BIO 230ab. Probability Theory and Applications I
Dr. M. Bonetti
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 2-hour sessions each week. One 2-hour lab each week.

A first course in probability fundamental to the biostatistics program. Topics include axiomatic foundations, frequency and personal concepts of probability, combinatorics, discrete and continuous sample spaces, independence and conditional probability, random variables, expectation operator, moments, generating functions and characteristic functions, standard distributions, transformations, sampling distributions related to the normal distribution, convergence concepts, weak and strong laws of large numbers, the central limit theorem, and elements of stochastic processes.
Course Note: Multi-variable calculus (one or two semesters beyond elementary calculus) suggested; signature of instructor required; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 231cd. Statistical Inference I
Dr. M. Zelen
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 2-hour sessions each week. One 1.5-hour lab each week.

A fundamental course in statistical inference. Discusses general principles of data reduction: exponential families, sufficiency, ancillarity and completeness. Describes general methods of point and interval parameter estimation and the small and large sample properties of estimators: method of moments, maximum likelihood, unbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, information inequality, asymptotic relative efficiency of estimators. Describes general methods of hypothesis testing and optimality properties of tests: Neyman-Pearson theory, likelihood ratio tests, score and Wald tests, uniformly and locally most powerful tests, asymptotic relative efficiency of tests.
Course Note: BIO 230ab or signature of instructor required; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 232ab. Methods I
Dr. M. Wand
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Introductory methods course aimed at first year Biostatistics students. Topics cover introduction of common statistical models and methods for data analysis. Concepts of populations and samples, contingency tables and distributional models such as Bernoulli, Poisson and normal models and related ones will be introduced. Methods for data analysis include chi-square tests, one- and two-sample t-tests, linear rank tests, correlation, ANOVA, and simple linear regression. Methods of exploratory data analysis and robust estimation will be discussed. The application of methods to the analysis of data using SAS and Splus statistical software packages will be emphasized.
Course Note: A working knowledge of calculus and linear algebra and one introductory statistics course are required. For non-Biostatistics degree candidates, BIO 222ab or equivalent is also required.

BIO 233cd. Methods II
Dr. D. Wypij
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories (optional). Two 2-hour sessions each week. One 1.5-hour lab each week.

This course focuses on the analysis of categorical data and count data, and provides an introduction to methods for analysis of survival data. Topics include a review of sampling plans, analysis of contingency tables, large sample and exact methods for constructing confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, measures of association, logistic regression, and log-linear analysis. Survival topics will include estimation of survival distributions, comparison of groups, and regression models such as the Cox proportional hazards model and the accelerated failure time models.
Course Note: BIO 210cd and BIO 222ab or BIO 232ab, or signature of instructor required. Lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 235cd. Regression and Analysis of Variance
Dr. F. Vaida
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 2-hour sessions each week. One 2-hour lab each week.

This is an advanced course in data analysis for linear models - regression and analysis of variance. Estimation methods (maximum likelihood and least squares) and issues of inference (confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, analysis of residuals) are presented from a theoretical and data analysis perspective.
Course Note: BIO 232ab and BIO 231cd, or signature of instructor required; familiarity with matrix algebra and BIO 211cd or equivalent recommended. Lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

BIO 244ab. Analysis of Failure Time Data
Dr. L.J. Wei
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Discusses the theoretical basis of concepts and methodologies associated with survival data and censoring, nonparametric tests, and competing risk models. Much of the theory is developed using counting processes and martingale methods. Material is drawn from recent literature.
Course Note: BIO 231cd and BIO 233cd required.

BIO 245ab. Analysis of Multivariate and Longitudinal Data
Dr. N. Laird
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Presents classical and modern approaches to the analysis of multivariate observations, repeated measures, and longitudinal data. Topics include the multivariate normal distribution, Hotelling's T2, MANOVA, the multivariate linear model, random effects and growth curve models, generalized estimating equations, statistical analysis of multivariate categorical outcomes, and estimation with missing data. Discusses computational issues for both traditional and new methodologies.
Course Note: BIO 231cd and BIO 235ab required.

[BIO 247cd.] Design of Scientific Investigations
Dr. V. De Gruttola
5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions and one 2-hour lab each week.

Discusses those aspects of statistical theory and practice relevant to the design of scientific investigations in the health sciences. Topics include sample size considerations, basic principles of experimental design (randomization, replication, and balance), block designs, factorial experiments, response surface modeling, clinical trials, adaptive designs, cohort studies, early detection trials, and double sampling techniques.
Course Note: BIO 235ab or signature of instructor required; minimum enrollment of 10 students required.

BIO 248cd. Advanced Statistical Computing
Dr. R. Gray
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

A course in computing algorithms useful in statistical research and advanced statistical applications. Topics include computer arithmetic, matrix algebra, numerical optimization methods with application to maximum likelihood estimation and GEEs, spline smoothing and penalized likelihood, numerical integration, random number generation and simulation methods, Gibbs sampling, bootstrap methods, missing data problems and EM, imputation, data augmentation algorithms, and Fourier transforms.
Course Note: BIO 235ab or consent of instructor and proficiency with C or Fortran programming required.

BIO 249ab. Bayesian Methodology in Biostatistics
Dr. S. Normand
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course examines basic aspects of the Bayesian paradigm including Bayes?theorem, the likelihood principle, prior distributions, posterior distributions, and predictive distributions. General topics include Bayesian analysis of linear models, generalized linear models, survival models, and random effects models. Computations using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are discussed. Bayesian methods in meta-analysis and the design and analysis of clinical trials will be examined.
Course Note: BIO 230ab, BIO 231cd and BIO 232ab or signature of instructor required.

BIO250ab. Probability II
Dr. S. Lagakos, Dr. L. Yi
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

A sequel to BIO 230ab, covering a variety of more advanced topics in probability theory. Topics include a brief overview of measure theory integration, convergence on sequences of random variables and stochastic processes, limit theorems, projections, and conditional expectation.
Course Note: BIO 230ab, BIO 231cd, and BIO 232ab or signature of instructor required.

BIO 251cd. Statistical Inference II
Dr. L.Ryan
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Sequel to BIO 231cd. Considers several advanced topics in statistical inference. Topics include limit theorems, multivariate delta method, properties of maximum likelihood estimators, saddlepoint approximations, asymptotic relative efficiency, robust and rank-based procedures, resampling methods, and nonparametric curve estimation.
Course Note: BIO 231cd required.

[BIO 265c.] Nonlinear Repeated Measure Models
Dr. Y. Wang
2.5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

Covers recent methodological developments for nonlinear modeling of data consisting of repeated measurements on each of a number of individuals, including parametric, nonparametric, semiparametric, and Bayesian approaches. Emphasis on applications, with examples from the areas of pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics, AIDS viral dynamics, immunochemistry, biopharmaceutics, and environmental science.
Course Note: BIO231cd and BIO235ab required.

BIO 271ab. Statistical Computing Environments
Dr. R. Gentleman
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. One 2-hour session each week.

Acquaints the students with the modern computing environments (hardware and software) needed for careers in biostatistics. Course will consist of lectures and computer labs, with several guest lecturers. Specific topics include, programming environments in statistics, algorithmic and symbolic mathematics, source language programming and its tools, editors, typesetters, Internet tools, UNIX and other tools that have great potential for research in and practice of statistics.
Course Note: Enrollment in a biostatistics degree program required; this class cannot be used to satisfy the intermediate requirement for doctoral students in the Department of Biostatistics; signature of instructor required; no auditors.

BIO 275ab Operational Mathematics
Dr. R. Betensky
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour sessions each week.

The aim of this course is to strengthen students' background in analysis and operational use of mathematics. The course will emphasize the application of several fundamental results, and not the proofs of these results. Students will work several problems which illustrate fundamental mathematical operations. Topics include concepts of convergence (e.g., power series, Taylor's series), functions (limits, continuity, step functions, L'Hopital's rule, differentiability), integration (Riemann, Stieltjes, Lebesque), operations convergence theorem, complex variables (e.g., Laplace transforms, Fourier transforms, inversion formulas).
Course Note: BIO 230ab required; no auditors.

BIO 277cd. Computational Biology
Dr. W. Wong
5.0 credits
Lectures. One 4-hour session each week.

With the rapid advances in molecular biology over the past decade, the need for quantitative methods to analyze the vast amounts of information that are being generated is enormous. This course will present and discuss quantitative methods used in the analysis of several types of data bases. Topics may include restriction maps, cloning, genome mapping, sequence assembly, sequency alignment, and trees and sequences.
Course Note: BIO 230ab, BIO 231, or equivalent required; ordinal grading option only.

[BIO 279d.] Smoothing in Biostatistical Modeling
Dr. M. Wand
2.5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Smoothing is means by which non-linear structure can be incorporated into a statistical model without the need for parametric modeling. This course will describe some of the main smoothing techniques and illustrate their use in biostatistical modeling. Computational and some theoretical issues will also be discussed. The package S-PLUS will be used for computing.

BIO 300 a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

BIO 301 a,b,c,d,s. Tutorial
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

BIO 310.a,b,c,d,s Statistical Methods
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Guided study in specific areas of statistical methodology and applications.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required; students may register for a maximum of 5 credits in the summer term.

BIO 311.a,b,c,d,s Teaching
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Work with members of the department in laboratory instruction and the development of teaching materials.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required; students may register for a maximum of 5 credits in the summer term.

BIO 312.a,b,c,d,s Consultation
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Work with members of the department on current statistical consultation activities.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required; students may register for a maximum of 5 credits in the summer term.

BIO 313. a,b,c,d,s Computing
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required; students may register for a maximum of 5 credits in the summer term.

BIO 314. a,b,c,d,s Study Design
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Guidance in developing statistical design of a study in which the student has a particular interest.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required; students may register for a maximum of 5 credits in the summer term.

BIO 315. Data Analysis
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Guidance in the statistical analysis of a body of data in which the student is interested.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required; students may register for a maximum of 5 credits in the summer term.

BIO 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

BIO 400 a,b,c,d,s Non-Resident Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.
For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

CCB 210ab. Introduction to Cancer Biology (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-205 and at HMS as BPH-726.0)
Dr. C. Maki
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Emphasizes current experimental approaches to studying cancer biology and the process of carcinogenesis. Topics include the biology of cell modification and differentiation, the phenotype of the cancer cell, properties of human and animal cancers, the process of cell transformation, mutagenesis, carcinogen metabolism, and cancer epidemiology.

Course Note: College-level course in biology required; enrollment limited to 30 students; signature of instructor required. Ordinal grading only. No auditors.

[CCB 250cd.] Cell Response to Mutagens and Carcinogens (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-213 and at HMS as BP-723.0)
Dr. B. Demple
5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

A seminar course based on emerging research on the molecular effects of mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cytoxic agents. Particular focus on the cellular mechanisms that preserve biological integrity (e.g., cell cycle checkpoints; DNA repair) or mediate cellular responses to stress (e.g., redox signal transduction; apoptosis pathways).
Course Activities: This seminar course involves analysis and critical discussion of research papers. Written assignments in developing relevant research projects (mini-grant proposals).
Course Note: Advanced/ graduate courses in biochemistry, cell biology or genetics required.

CCB 300a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses. Opportunities are provided for independent studies in molecular, cellular, biochemical, and environmental toxicology.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

CCB301. a,b,c,d,s Tutorial

Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

CCB 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

CCE 204ab. Principles of Toxicology (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-215 and at HMS as BPH-713.0)(Department of Cancer Cell Biology and Department of Environmental Health)
Dr. D. Wolf, Dr. D. Milton
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week. One 2-hour discussion session each week.

Emphasizes mechanisms of injury and clinical consequences following exposures to environmental and occupational chemicals. Examines actions at the molecular, cellular, organ system, and organismal levels. Discusses methods for detecting, evaluating, analyzing, and combating toxic effects.

Course Activities: Written examinations.

Course Note: Organic chemistry and mammalian physiology or equivalents required. Required lab.

CCE 280cd. Biomarkers in Cancer Research (Department of Cancer Cell Biology and the Department of Environmental Health)
Dr. K. Kelsey
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course covers the use of biomarkers as measures of exposure, absorbed dose, biological effect and health outcome in pre-neoplastic and neoplastic disease states.
Course Activities: Lectures and seminars relating to the use of biomarkers in epidemiologic studies.
Course Note: Introductory biostatistics and epidemiology required; toxicology and environmental epidemiology are suggested; minimum enrollment of 10 students required; enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required.

DBE 208cd. Pathophysiology of Human Disease (Division of Biological Sciences and the Department of Environmental Health)(Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-210 and at HMS as BPH-729.0)
Dr. L. Kobzik
5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Surveys major human disease problems in the cardiovascular, respiratory, hematopoietic, reproductive and gastrointestinal systems. Emphasis on understanding the pathophysiologic basis of common disease manifestations and the pathogenesis of the disease process. Relevant public health perspectives on the epidemiology or control of diseases are also integrated.
Course Note: College level physiology, EH 205ab, or equivalent required.

DBN 209a. Membrane Trafficking (Division of Biological Sciences and the Department of Nutrition)
Dr. M. Wessling-Resnick, Members of the Faculty
2.5 credits
To be given 2000-2001; offered alternate years.
Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 3-hour session each week.

Intercellular membrane traffic plays an essential role in nutrient uptake, entry of micro-organisms into cells, and receptor-down-regulation, thus defects in this process can create a profound pathophysiology. This course will provide a detailed molecular overview of the elements involved in membrane traffic, how these pathways are interconnected, and the regulatory mechanisms responsible for maintaining cellular integrity through membrane traffic. This course will emphasize the interdisciplinary interests in this area.
Course Note: This course will be offered as a DBS "short course" in the DMS catalog and will also be incorporated into the "short course" format under the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS) program; ordinal grading option only.

DBS 205ab. Biological Sciences Seminars (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-219)
Dr. M. Grusby, Dr. I. Ho
5 credits
Seminars. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

Faculty present seminars on their current research in the biological sciences and direct a student discussion of the logic and experimental design of this research. Topics include chemical and viral carcinogenesis, DNA damage and repair, immunology, molecular biology, metabolism, cardiovascular disease, parasitology, and how these areas apply to public health issues.
Course Note: Required for first-year students in the DBS/BPH program. Offered jointly with the Faculty of Arts and Science as BPH-219.

DBS 300ab,cd. Laboratory Rotations
Director, Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.
Laboratories. 12-20 hours each week.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses. Offers hands-on experimental methods of research in the biological sciences. Students perform individualized and original laboratory work. Includes participation in seminars, journal clubs, and assigned readings.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

DBS 301a,b,c,d. Special Seminar
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Topics and meeting time to be determined.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

DBS 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department. Inquiries about specific research opportunities should be addressed to the chair of the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

EEB 271d. Advanced Regression Techniques for Environmental Epidemiology (Departments of Environmental Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics)
Dr. J. Schwartz, Dr. W. Huang
2.5 credits
Lectures and seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

The course will cover nonlinear exposure-response relationships and repeated measure designs, including non-parametric and semi-parametric smoothing techniques, generalized additive models, robust regression and time series models. In addition to the theoretical material, students will apply these techniques using S-plus and SAS to actual datasets including modeling the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes. These techniques also are widely applicable to problems in infectious disease, psychiatric, nutritional, occupational, and cancer epidemiology.
Course Activities: Lectures and structured workshops in the instructional computer facility.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st, and BIO 233cd or BIO 211cd required; EPI 202b and EPI 204d are strongly recommended; minimum enrollment of 3 students required and limited to 15 students; signature of instructor required; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

EH 201b. Introduction to Environmental Health
Dr. J. Brain, Dr. R. Hauser, Department Members
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course offers a general introduction to the health problems stemming from contamination of air, water, food, the work place, and other special environments. Policy required for regulation and alternative strategies for prevention and control will be discussed. Links between environment and infectious disease will also be examined. This course is designed for the environmental non-specialist and meets the environmental health requirement for all professional master's degree programs.

EH 202d. Principles of Environmental Health
Dr. R. Monson, Department Members
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will focus on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the assessment of risk to health from environmental exposures; the use of such data in policy development and environmental management; and alternative legal strategies available to redress environmental injury and to control environmental degradation. The course meets the requirement for all professional master's degree programs.

EH 205ab. Human Physiology (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-208 and at HMS as BPH-728.0)
Dr. N. Long Sieber and S. Shore
5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Two 2-hour sessions each week, including 2 laboratory meetings during the semester.

As an introduction to the principles governing function in the human body, this course is designed to provide a framework in physiology for future public health researchers and professionals who have not taken college level physiology courses. Emphasis is placed on the concept of homeostasis and on integrative aspects of physiology. Examples of pathophysiology and environmental physiology will highlight these processes.
Course Activities: Problem sets, exams, laboratories.
Course Note: College-level introductory biology or permission of instructor required.

EH 223ab. Advanced Respiratory Physiology (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-206)
Dr. J. Butler
5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

Covers a broad range of topics in respiratory physiology including: lung structure, volume and flow mechanics, surfactant function, gas exchange, lung and chest wall interaction. Special topics may include pulmonary circulation, lung endocrine functions, airway physiology and pharmacology. Reviews classic concepts and presents some recent advances.
Course Activities: Student presentations.
Course Note: College-level physiology and EH 205ab or equivalent or signature of instructor indicating suitable background required.

EH 225cd. Advanced Topics in Physiology (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-207 and at HMS as BPH-727.0)
Dr. J. Fredberg
5 credits
Lectures, supervised independent study. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

This course provides opportunities for students interested in the respiratory system to focus on special topics in lung biology. This year's emphasis will be on the fundamental physical basis and quantitative description of chemical, electrical and mechanical signaling within the cell. Specific topics covered will include passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, solvent and solvent transport, channels, action potentials, membrane transport, receptor-ligand binding.
Course Activities: Students will explore one particular aspect and write a major research paper.

EH 231cd. Occupational Health Policy and Administration
Dr. D. Christiani, Dr. C. Langer
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

Examines the legal, economic, and political foundations of occupational health activities in the United States. Discusses the roles of government, unions, corporations, and research organizations. Helps students acquire an understanding of management functions in corporations.
Course Activities: Students develop the necessary knowledge and skills in the above areas to apply medical, industrial hygiene, and statistical skills to achieve a healthful workplace.

EH 232cd. Introduction to Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Dr. H. Hu, Dr. D. Christiani
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Reviews the diagnosis and management of illnesses following exposure to specific workplace substances and community hazards, such as asbestos, lead, organic solvents, and vibration. Considers methods of diagnosis of early organ system effects of chemicals and techniques for assessing disability.
Course Activities: Written and oral group projects.
Course Note: Basic course in toxicology recommended.

EH 235ab. Epidemiologic Basis of Occupational Health Standards
Dr. E. Eisen, Dr. D. Wegman
5 credits
Seminars, case studies. One 3-hour session each week.

Provides students with the opportunity to review the scientific basis for the association of selected occupational exposures and disease. Special emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the epidemiologic literature, occupational cancer, respiratory disease, and other kinds of occupational morbidity. Attention is directed to the interface of science and regulatory policy and the role of risk analysis in setting health standards.
Course Activities: Discussions based on the process leading to setting of standards.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a and EPI 208st, and BIO 200ab or BIO 201ab or BIO201s and BIO201t, and ID 263bc required; EPE 215cd is strongly recommended; enrollment limited to 15 students; signature of instructor required.

EH 241cd. Occupational Safety and Injury Prevention
Dr. J. Dennerlein, Dr. R. Youngstrom, Dr. R. Spielvogel
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course in occupational safety works towards the prevention of work-related injury and illnesses through proactive management and control of workplace hazards. The primary objectives of the course are to: (1) Identify fundamental workplace hazards, (2) develop a basis of basic government and voluntary regulations, (3) understand issues pertaining to specific and different industries, and (4) understand various safety management programs.
Course Activities: Lectures and group discussions, and a term project developing a employee-training program for injury prevention.

EH 243ab. Ergonomics and Human Factors
Dr. J. Dennerlein, Dr. R. Herrick, Mr. T. Courtney, Mr. R. Ciriello
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

Emphasizes the design of the job "to fit the worker" in terms of both productivity and the prevention of injuries. Specific problems are investigated which result from the nature of the job itself, e.g., musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain and repetitive stress injuries of the upper extremity and human error. Fundamental ergonomic topics, such as human physiology, occupational biomechanics, epidemiology, and work place design, are considered in the development of good job design principles.
Course Activities: Lectures and group discussions, and a term project analyzing a real world job.

EH 250cd. Protecting Workers and Communities from Hazardous Substances
Mr. K. Martin (P), Mr. R. Spielvogel, Dr. S. Rudnick (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratory sessions, field trip. One 2-hour session each week.

This course covers the recognition, evaluation, and control of workers and community exposure to hazardous substances. Particular emphasis is placed on remdiation of hazardous waste sites, emergency response activities and related operations.
Course Activities: Written reports and class discussions and "hands-on" activities. Forty-hour Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response certification may be awarded depending upon student's curriculum.

[EH 253cd.] Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality
Dr. S. Rudnick, Dr. J. Spengler, Mr. L. DiBerardinis
5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures, laboratory sessions, case studies and field trip. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course covers: systems used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning of buildings and for ventilation to protect industrial workers; indoor air quality assessment and control including indoor contaminents, their sources, and their health effects.
Course Activities: Written reports, homework assignments, class projects, class discussions and student presentations.

[EH 256cd.] Introduction to Aerobiology
Dr. H. Burge, Dr. D. Milton, Mr. M. Muilenberg, Ms. C. Rogers
2.5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course emphasizes the pathways from resevoirs for biological-source disease agents to the ultimated response. Characteristics of the organism and their associated disease agents, biological and physical factors affecting aerosol formation, dispersion and decay, exposure factors, dose response data, and mechanisms of the disease process are included, as are approaches for investigation, research design and risk assessment.
Course Activities: Lectures, discussions, research papers.

[EH 257cd.] Water Pollution
Dr. T. Ford, Dr. J. Shine
5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed to teach an understanding of the basic principles of water pollution and water pollution issues on local, regional and global scales. The course will begin with a discussion of the basic chemical, physical and biological properties of water and water contaminants, including hydrological considerations. Subsequent lectures will cover specific chemical and biological contaminants in ground, surface, brackish and marine waters; sources, fate, transport, and transformation of contaminants; monitoring techniques, water source protection and resource management; water and wastewater treatment; transmission of waterborne disease; toxicological concerns of chemicals in water, including disinfection byproducts; wetland ecology; remediation approaches; and interactions with the air and land environments. Invited lectures will cover issues such as harmful algal blooms, groundwater modeling, coastal zone management, and regulatory approaches for aquatic ecosystem protection. Course work will be complemented with exposure to research within the program on water and health.
Course Activities: Class discussions, homework assignments, and project.

EH 262ab. Introduction to the Work Environment
Dr. R. Herrick, Dr. J. Stewart
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

The course comprises introductory lectures and discussions on key aspects of industrial hygiene and occupational health covering recognition, evaluation and control of health hazards at work. Consideration is given to chemical, physical and biological hazards, and the criteria for each. One or more visits are made to workplaces.
Course Activities: Written projects, class discussions, laboratories.
Course Note: While intended primarily for students planning a career in that field, this course provides background to the subject for students studying environmental issues and is strongly recommended for students intending to take ID 263cd.

EH 264cd. Water Environment
Dr. J. Harrington
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

Provides students with an understanding of water engineering principles, emphasizing design and treatment of water supply systems in developing and developed countries.
Course Activities: Oral and written projects, class discussions, two field trips.

[EH 266cd.] Land Environment and Waste Management
Dr. M. First
2.5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures, readings, field trips. One 2-hour session each week.

An introduction to the nature, sources, and amounts of municipal, industrial, and hazardous wastes; the laws governing their storage, environmental control, transport, and disposal; municipal, industrial and hazardous waste management; waste minimization, elimination, and recycling; intermedia transfers, ground to water and ground to air.
Course Activities: Written and oral projects, class discussion, term paper, field trips to operating waste management, recycling and disposal facilities.
Course Note: Minimum enrollment of 9 students required.

EH 267cd. Industrial Hygiene/Ergonomics Internship and Environmental Sciences Research Seminar
Dr. R. Herrick, Dr. P. Koutrakis
2.5 credits
Seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

Material for this course is required for Industrial Hygiene concentrators doing the Internship Program and for Environmental Science and Engineering Program students doing research. The objective of the course is to refine communication skills. Students are required to prepare their own report, peer-review others and present the results.
Course Activities: Students present seminars on their recent internship or research projects.
Course Note: EH 273ab Industrial Hygiene Internship or EH 300 level research course is required; ordinal credit only.

EH 273ab. Industrial Hygiene/Ergonomics Internship
Dr. R. Herrick
20 credits
Field work. Normal working hours of the company, in addition to time required for relevant reading.

The student works in an industrial or similar workplace under the direction of a qualified and experienced industrial hygienist (a mentor). Generally, the first half of the six-month period is devoted to learning evaluation techniques (e.g., personal air sampling, direct reading instrumentation, ventilation measurements), and the second half to studying some specific hazard or problem in depth, and preparing material for presentation in the succeeding course, EH 267cd.
Course Note: Completion of the first year of the two-year master's degree program in Industrial Hygiene required; ordinal grading option only; no auditors.

EH 278ab. Human Health and Global Environmental Change (Cross-listed at HMS as H0703.0)
Dr. H. Hu, Dr. P. Epstein, Dr. T. Ford, Dr. D. Goodenough, Dr. E. Chivian
5 credits
Lectures. One 4-hour session each week.

Human activity is changing the atmosphere and altering terrestrial and marine ecosystems on a global scale for the first time in history. Evidence is mounting that these changes may already be having serious effects on human health, and there is growing concern that in coming decades the effects could be catastrophic. This course will provide an overview of the basic physics, chemistry, and biology of global environmental change, and of the potential consequences of these changes for human health. It will cover global climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, the effects of toxic substance pollution on global ecosystems, the degradation of terrestrial and marine environments, the loss of species and biodiversity, and the impact of these factors on human health. The role of rapidly growing human populations and of patterns of resource use and waste disposal in the genesis of environmental change will be examined. A multi-disciplinary faculty will provide an integrated assessment of these issues. The course will be open to all students at Harvard University, but preference will be given to students from HSPH, HMS, and KSG, as well as to Environmental Science Public Policy majors in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to approximately 30 students from SPH, 60 students total.

EH 290a,b,c,d. Research in Physiology
Dr. J.Godleski, Dr. J. Fredberg
2.5 credits per period enrolled
Seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses on the design, conduct, and analysis of research in physiology. Includes laboratory experience and the acquisition of original data and culminates in the presentation of a research project at a national meeting and in the preparation of a paper suitable for publication.
Course Note: No auditors.

EH 290a,b,c,d. Research in Physiology
Dr. J. Fredberg, Dr. J. Godleski, Dr. J. Brain
2.5 credits per period enrolled
Seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses on the design, conduct, and analysis of research in physiology. Includes laboratory experience and the acquisition of original data and culminates in the presentation of a research project at a national meeting and in the preparation of a paper su itable for publication.
Course Note: No auditors.

EH 290a,b,c,d. Research in Physiology
Dr. J. Godleski, Dr. J. Brain, Dr. J. Fredburg
2.5 credits per period enrolled
Seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses on the design, conduct, and analysis of research in physiology. Includes laboratory experience and the acquisition of original data and culminates in the presentation of a research project at a national meeting and in the preparation of a paper su itable for publication.
Course Note: No auditors.

EH 290a,b,c,d. Research in Physiology
Dr. J. Fredberg, Dr. J. Brain, Dr. J. Godleski
2.5 credits per period enrolled
Seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses on the design, conduct, and analysis of research in physiology. Includes laboratory experience and the acquisition of original data and culminates in the presentation of a research project at a national meeting and in the preparation of a paper su itable for publication.
Course Note: No auditors.

EH 300a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses. Opportunities are provided for independent studies in the fields of aerosol technology, air pollution control, environmental health management, environmental epidemiology, environmental microbiology, industrial hygiene and ventilation, nuclear medicine, occupational medicine, radiological health, respiratory biology, respiratory epidemiology, and solid waste management.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

EH 301a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Course Note: Completed tutorial contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

EH 330e. Field Work
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Supervised site visits and field research projects are available in medical, industrial hygiene, and environmental health departments of industries and governmental agencies. Students in the various programs in occupational health may receive one credit for one week of fieldwork in the "e" period. Students participating in the industrial hygiene internship program receive 20 credits for fieldwork associated with their internship and should register for the internship through EH 273ab.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail option only; signature of instructor required.

EH 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking.
advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

EH 400a,b,c,d,s. Non-Resident Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking.
advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

[EH 506ab.] Advanced Seminar in Aerobiology
Dr. D. Milton, Dr. H. Burge
2.5 credits
Not to be offered 2001-2002; alternate year course.
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course is intended for students analyzing or ready to begin analysis of data for investigation of aerobiology, bioaerosol exposure assessment, or bioaerosal exposure-response relationships.
Course Activities: In the first hour of each class a student will present their work, research proposals, or critically review current literature with emphasis on implications for study design and data analysis. The second hour will be devoted to class discussion and feedback. Each presentation will be followed by submission of a brief written summary incorporating insights gained from class discussion. Evaluation will be based on presentations, written summaries, and class participation.

EHE 215cd. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology (Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Epidemiology)
Dr. D. Dockery, Dr. R. Hauser
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

This course has three objectives: to review methods used in evaluating the health effects of physical and chemical agents in the environment, to review available evidence on the health effects of such exposures, and to consider policy questions raised by the scientific evidence. Topics include lectures on methodology, seminars on the review and criticism of current literature, and presentations by outside experts on specific environmental and occupational health issues of current interest.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st and BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, BIO 206st, BIO 219ab or BIO 200s and BIO 200t required.

EHE 215t. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology (Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Epidemiology)
Dr. R. Hauser, Dr. D. Dockery
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course has three objectives: to review methods used in evaluating the health effects of physical and chemical agents in the environment, to review available evidence on the health effects of such exposures, and to consider policy questions raised by the scientific evidence. Topics include lectures on methodology, seminars on the review and criticism of current literature, and presentations by outside experts on specific environmental and occupational health issues of current interest.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st required; BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, BIO 206st, BIO 219ab or BIO 200s and BIO 200t required (concurrent enrollment permitted).

EHE 268b. Respiratory Epidemiology (Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Epidemiology)
Dr. D. Dockery, Dr. C. Carmago
1.25 credits
Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

Reviews the epidemiology of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory cancer, and infectious respiratory disease. Demographic distribution, time trends and risk factors of these diseases are discussed.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st required.

EHH 500a. Risk Assessment (Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. J. Evans, Dr. J. Hammitt
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Introduces the framework of risk assessment, considers its relationship with cost-benefit, decision analysis and other tools for improving environmental decisions. The scientific foundations for risk assessment - epidemiology, toxicology, and exposure assessment are discussed. The mathematical sciences involved in developing models of dose-response, fate and transport, and the statistical aspects of parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis are introduced. Case studies are used to illustrate various issues in risk assessment and decision making.
Course Activities: Lectures, discussions, computer workshops, case studies.
Course Note: Calculus and chemistry courses required; course required for all Environmental Science and Engineering Program students; minimum enrollment of five students required; enrollment limited to 30 students; signature of instructor required indicating suitable background.

EHH 501c. Regulatory Toxicology (Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. G. Gray
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Covers basic principles of toxicology and how animal and human studies are used to further the understanding of dose-response relationships. The toxicological evidence for regulating chemicals in the general environment, the workplace and food supply is covered. Quantitative pharmacokinetic and dose-response models used in risk assessment are presented.
Course Activities: Lectures, discussions, case studies.
Course Note: Calculus and chemistry or biology courses required; EH 205ab required; course required for all Environmental Science and Engineering Program students; signature of instructor required if student has not completed prerequisite.

[EHH 503ab.] Environmental Science and Risk Management Practicum (Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. J. Evans, Department Members
5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

The practicum is designed to allow ESRM students to integrate what they have learned about risk and decision sciences and to apply this knowledge in the evaluation of a problem (of importance) in environmental management or policy. Each student must design and conduct an independent analysis of an environmental policy problem. Student projects must demonstrate analytical sophistication and critical interpretation of relevant science in support of decision making. Each student must prepare a written report and make an oral presentation of results to the ESRM faculty. The practicum is a requirement for and is restricted to all students in the ESRM masters and doctoral program.

EMH 218d. Environmental and Social Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disorders (Departments of Epidemiology, Health and Social Behavior and Maternal and Child Health)
Dr. S. Buka, Dr. L. Berkman, Dr. J. Murphy
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Reviews the major environmental and social risks for psychiatric disorders of children, youth and adults. Lectures will address current theories of gene-environmental interaction for psychiatric illness, and both biological and psychosocial mechanisms linking environmental risks with psychiatric disorders. Topics include prenatal complications; childhood trauma; social networks and social support; critical life events; culture, ethnicity and religion; social class; and community influences. Major epidemiologic studies of these topics are presented. This course is in the psychiatric epidemiology track.
Course Activities: Class discussion, final paper.

EPB253c. Information Management and Data Resources in Epidemiology (Department of Epidemiology and the Department of Biostatistics)
Dr. K. A. Chan, Dr. M. Testa
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies, computer exercises. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 1-hour lab each week.

This course is designed to introduce students to the theory and applications of information technology that are used in modern epidemiology. Pertinent concepts of relational database theory and structured query language will be described, followed by lectures on data forms design, database construction, and data validation for studies that involve ad hoc collection of primary data. Record linkage techniques for utilization of secondary data in epidemiology will be introduced. Existing data sources, such as Medicaid, automated insurance claims systems, and computerized medical records will be described. Students will have hands-on experience working with computer programs in the lab sessions. Examples will be drawn from studies in pharmacoepidemiology, clinical epidemiology, and intervention studies.
Course Note: EPI200, EPI201, or EPI208st, and BIO200 or BIO201 required; for students not familiar with the latest computer technology, BIO112 is recommended.

EPH 227d. Principles of Screening
Dr. G. Colditz, Dr. B. Rockhill
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

The aim of this course is to provide a basic understanding of the principles of disease screening. Particular emphasis is placed on screening from a public health perspective. The first part of the course will focus on the quantitative foundations underlying screening evaluation. We will review current approaches to screening for cancer, as well as applications in a number of other settings. Controversies and limitations of screening strategies will be discussed.
Course Activities: Class participation in seminars and formal debates, one problem set, and final 5-10 page paper.

EPH 286t. Implementing Prevention (Department of Epidemiology and Department of Health and Social Behavior)
Dr. G. Colditz, Dr. K Emmons
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will cover issues ranging from the evidence underlying prevention recommendations to theory and practice of implementing prevention. First, we will examine the sources of evidence and how they are sythesized to inform recommendations for prevention. This will include a brief review of methods for research synthesis and the classification scheme used by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Strategies for prevention that address population-wide change in risk will be considered including action by health care providers, regulatory change, and individual and community changes. The theories underlying behavior change will be reviewed and examples of ongoing prevention interventions will be discussed. Risk assessment and risk communication will be addressed and examples from cancer and cardiovascular disease will be used for class assignments. Finally, students will review a prevention strategy of their own choice and outline a plan for action.
Course Note: Ordinal grading only.

EPI 200a. Principles of Epidemiology
Dr. S. Hankinson, Dr. M. Stampfer
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 1-hour sessions and one 2-hour seminar each week.

Introduces the basic principles and methods of epidemiology. Lectures are complemented by seminars devoted to exercises or to the discussion of current examples of epidemiologic studies.
Course Activities: Class discussion, seminar participation, quiz, final examination.
Course Note: Credit is not given for more than one of EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st.

EPI 200s. Principles of Epidemiology
Dr. A. Hofman
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will provide an orientation to epidemiology as a basic science for public health and clinical medicine. It will address the principles of the quantitative approach to clinical and public health problems. The course will discuss measures of frequency and association, introduce the design and validity of epidemiologic research, and give an overview of data analysis. This course is an introduction to the skills needed by public health professionals to interpret critically the epidemiologic literature. It will provide students with the principles and practical experience needed to initiate the development of these skills. Lectures are complemented by seminars devoted to case studies, exercises, or critique of current examples of epidemiologic studies.
Course Activities: Class discussion, seminar, quiz, final exam.
Course Note: This course is taught during Session I of the Summer Institute for Public Health Studies in Quantitative Methods; credit is not given for more than one of EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st.

EPI 201a. Introduction to Epidemiology
Dr. J. Robins, Dr. K. Chan
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week, one 1.5-hour seminar each week.

This course covers the principles and methods used in epidemiologic research. It is an alternative to EPI 200a and is designed for students majoring in Epidemiology or Biostatistics, or for students who desire a more detailed introduction into the main issues encountered in the design, implementation, and analysis of epidemiologic studies.
Course Note: Credit is not given for more than one of EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or
EPI 208st.

EPI 202b. Elements of Epidemiologic Research
Dr. D. Spiegelman, Dr. M. Mittleman
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions and one 2-hour seminar each week.

Introduces elements of study design, data analysis and inference in epidemiologic research. Principles and methods are illustrated with examples, and reviewed through homework and in-class exercises. May serve as an introduction to more advanced study or as a concluding course for those desiring a working knowledge of epidemiologic methods.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI208st required - concurrent enrollment permitted; BIO 200ab, BIO 200s and BIO 200t , BIO 201ab, or BIO219ab required - concurrent enrollment permitted.

EPI 202t. Elements of Epidemiologic Research
Dr. M. Mittleman
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

See course description for EPI 202b.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st required - concurrent enrollment permitted; BIO 200ab, BIO 200s and BIO 200t or BIO 201ab required - concurrent enrollment permitted.

EPI 203c. Design of Case-Control and Cohort Studies
Dr. A. Walker, Dr. A. Ascherio
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Beginning with the randomized clinical trial as a paradigm, this course examines common problems in the design, analysis, and interpretation of observational studies. Cohort and case-control studies are the focus of the discussion, but not to the exclusion of other designs. Problems of exposure and disease definitions, time-dependent effects, confounding, and misclassification are considered in the light of data sources typically available. Relevant statistical methods are introduced but not developed in detail.
Course Activities: Review of published studies, written group projects, class discussion.
Course Note: EPI 202b or EPI 202t and BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, or BIO 200s and BIO 200t or signature of instructor required.

EPI 204d. Analysis of Case-Control and Cohort Studies
Dr. K. Joshipura, Dr. C. Hsieh
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratories (optional). Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Develops the material presented in EPI 203c into the rationale and methodology for mathematical modeling of study parameters. Emphasizes Poisson and logistic regression.
Course Activities: Written group projects, class discussion, short quiz, homework.
Course Note: EPI 203c required.

EPI 205ab. Practice of Epidemiology
Dr. E. Rimm, Dr. M. Stampfer
2.5 credits
Seminars, tutorials. One 2-hour tutorial each week during "a" period and one 2-hour seminar each week during "b" period.

The seminars consist of student presentations of plans for collection and analysis of epidemiological data, with discussion by students and faculty. Preparatory work is done under tutorial arrangements with members of the faculty. The emphasis is on conceptual issues necessary for the development of a fundable epidemiological study.
Course Activities: Individual student paper and presentation, student and faculty critiques.
Course Note: This course is aimed at epidemiology doctoral students; background in epidemiology is required; signature of instructor required.

EPI 207a. Advanced Epidemiologic Methods
Dr. J. Robins, Dr. M. Hernan
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions and one 2-hour lab each week.

Provides an in-depth investigation of statistical methods for drawing causal inferences from observational studies. Informal epidemiologic concepts such as confounding, selection bias, overall effects, direct effects, and intermediate variables will be formally defined within the context of a counterfactual causal model and with the help of causal diagrams. Methods for the analysis of the causal effects of time-varying exposures in the presence of time dependent covariates that are simultaneously confounders and intermediate variables will be emphasized. These methods include g-computation algorithm estimators, inverse probability weighted estimators of marginal structural models, g-estimation of structural nested models. As a practicum, students will reanalyze data sets using the above methods.
Course Activities: Class discussion, homework, practicum and final examination.
Course Note: EPI204d and BIO210cd, or BIO233cd, or signature of instructor required; familiarity with logistic regression and survival analysis is expected; lab time will be announced at first meeting.

EPI 208st. Introduction to Clinical Epidemiology
Dr. D. Singer, Dr. E. F. Cook
5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is an introductory-level course and covers the principles and methods used in traditional and clinical epidemiologic research through a series of lectures, exercises, seminars, workshops and presentations. This course is targeted at individuals planning to conduct clinical research.
Course Activities: Written assignments, computer exercises, seminar discussion; each student is required to develop a study design that addresses a specific clinical problem and to present this proposal to the class. Seminars are held during scheduled class time.
Course Note: For participants in the Summer Program in Clinical Effectiveness only; no auditors; signature of instructor required.

EPI 212a. Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases
Dr. E. Rimm, Guest Lecturers
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Reviews the epidemiology of the chronic cardiovascular diseases. Demographic distribution and time trends of these diseases are presented, and known risk factors are discussed. The course is open to all students. Course Activities: Grades are based on short papers or student presentations.

EPI 213c. Epidemiology of Cancer
Dr. S. Hankinson, Dr. E. Giovannucci
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Reviews basic concepts and issues central to cancer epidemiology. Considers the descriptive epidemiology of cancer and discusses the implications of the biology of cancer for identification of risk factors. Examines the role of smoking, radiation, nutrition, and other exposures. Selected malignancies are discussed.
Course Activities: Each student prepares a review of the epidemiology of a specific cancer site.
Course Note: EPI 250b or signature of instructor required.

EPI 214d. Epidemiologic Analysis of Outbreaks and Infectious Diseases
Dr. R. Platt
2.5 credits
Seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour session each week.

Discusses the use of epidemiologic methods in analyzing outbreaks and investigating infectious diseases. Different types of problems and various methods of analysis are illustrated. Stresses literature review and practical methodology.
Course Activities: Weekly written homework problems.

EPI 216d. Epidemiology in Public Health Practice
Dr. R. Dicker
2.5 credits
Case studies. One 3-hour session each week.

The course uses case studies to teach the principles and practice of field epidemiology, ranging from surveillance to descriptive epidemiology to outbreak investigation to analytic methods to Epi Info software. The course focuses on the use of sound epidemiologic judgment, particularly when epidemiologic theory and practical considerations conflict. Following this course, the student will be familiar with the principles of epidemiology relevant to public health professionals, and should be able to apply those principles to address public health problems in the community.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a, or EPI 208st required; minimum enrollment of 10 students required; enrollment limited to 20 students.

EPI 217a. The Epidemiology of Adult Psychiatric Disorders
Dr. P. Wang, Dr. M. Tsuang
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 3-hour session each week.

Covers a range of studies from early classics to recent work on the occurrence and distribution of psychiatric illness. Describes the application of basic epidemiologic research designs to the study of psychiatric conditions. Clinical aspects of psychopathology will also be introduced. The course is an introductory course in the psychiatric epidemiology track. It is intended for master's degree and doctoral students interested in mental health research and those who desire a general introduction to the field of psychiatric epidemiology.
Course Activities: Class discussion, final examination, homework assignment.
Course Note: Background in introductory statistics and understanding of basic epidemiologic research methods recommended; EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st and BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab or BIO 200s and BIO 200t recommended (concurrent enrollment permitted) or permission of instructor.

EPI 219b. Assessment Concepts and Methods in Psychiatric Epidemiology
Dr. D. Blacker
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratory/practice sessions. One 2-hour lecture and one 1-hour laboratory/practice session each week.

Presents the application of basic epidemiologic and psychometric concepts and methods in psychiatric research. Topics include: measurement theory, reliability, validity, screening, and diagnostic classification procedures, as they specifically relate to psychiatric research. The course is in the psychiatric epidemiology track and is intended primarily for students interested in conducting mental health research.
Course Activities: Class discussion, brief homeworks, class project with oral presentation and final paper.
Course Note: Students should be familiar with the major forms of psychopathology, basic epidemiologic research methods, and introductory statistics; EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st and BIO 200ab or BIO 201ab or BIO 200s and BIO 200t required or consent of instructor; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

EPI 221b. Pharmacoepidemiology
Dr. A. Walker
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Within the framework of formal epidemiologic analysis, this course covers inference about the effects of pharmaceuticals from case reports, case series, vital statistics and other registration schemes, cohort studies, and case-control studies. Decision-making with inadequate data is examined from the perspectives of manufacturers and of regulators. Students are graded on the basis of group projects. This course is intended primarily for students wishing to pursue a career in the pharmaceutical industry or in national regulatory bodies, but may have more general interest as an applied mid-level course with a heavy methodological emphasis.
Course Activities: Written and oral group projects, individual class presentations, class discussion.
Course Note: Knowledge of epidemiology at the level of EPI 202b (which may be taken concurrently) and a basic understanding of drug use and nomenclature are assumed; enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required.

EPI 222d. Genetic Epidemiology of Diabetes and its Complications
Dr. A. Krolewski, Dr. J. Warram
2.5 credits
To be given 2000-2001; offered alternate years.
Seminar, case studies, laboratories. One 2-hour session and one 2-hour laboratory session each week.

The genetics of diabetes and its complications, together with the descriptive epidemiology of these conditions, will be used to illustrate the process of generating etiologic hypotheses that can be studied by the methods of genetic epidemiology. Techniques of molecular genetics relevant to epidemiologic studies will be reviewed and demonstrated. Data sets that include genotype information will be analyzed with an emphasis placed on the examination of various gene/environment interaction.
Course Note: EPI 202b required; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.

EPI 224a. Cancer Prevention
Dr. G. Colditz
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies, laboratories. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Approaches to cancer prevention will be reviewed with the principal emphasis on primary prevention. After a brief discussion of issues in the application of screening and the contribution that screening for each cancer, one by one, can make through early diagnosis, we will focus on the social and behavioral changes that can achieve the same or greater reduction in cancer incidences. This course will review models for prevention, and emphasize the timing of prevention in the context of the natural history of disease etiology (examples discussed in detail will include breast and colon cancer). The importance of population-wide strategies rather than high risk approaches will be emphasized. Levels of intervention from action by health care providers (e.g., counseling and screening), regulatory policy, social structural changes to individual behavior changes will be emphasized. Key components necessary for prevention policy include an adequate knowledge base, social strategies, and political will. These must be in balance. Students will review and contrast breast and colon cancer with regard to the balance of these three major components of prevention policy.
Course Note: Requirement for students in the Cancer Education Program.

EPI 225c. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
Dr. M. Lipsitch
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Covers basic concepts and issues central to the epidemiology of infectious diseases and disease transmission. Introductory topics will include epidemiologic properties of infectious agents and the nature of host defenses; the dynamics of occurrence of communicable diseases, their reservoirs; and the interactions of human behavior and the actions of governments and international agencies. Direct and indirect transmission of infectious agents in various settings, and the implication for successful intervention and control will be summarized. Genetic, behavioral, ecological, technical and political origins of what are termed emerging infections will be considered. The dynamics of host parasite interactions are illustrated with mathematical models, although only a little algebra is used in the course.
Course Activities: Weekly written homework problems.
Course Note: A prior course in basic microbiology helpful, but not required.

EPI 228ab. Oral Epidemiology
Dr. C. Douglass, Dr. K. Joshipura
2.5 credits
To be given 2000-2001; offered alternate years.
Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

This course will first discuss the principal measures and methods of epidemiology as they apply to oral conditions; then the distribution, etiology and risk factors for dental caries, periodontal diseases, cleft lip and palate, oral cancer, soft tissue lesions and malocclusions will be studied. The third part of the course links oral epidemiology data to health policy issues in other areas: community preventive dentistry programs, national health care policy, e.g., infection control, and health services research.
Course Activities: Class discussion, reading homework, written assignments, midterm and final examinations.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st required (concurrent enrollment permitted).

EPI 235d. Health Services Epidemiology
Dr. A. Chan, Dr. S. Schneeweiss, Dr. M. Maclure and guest lecturers
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 1.5 hour lectures each week.

This course is designed to introduce Epidemiology students to the application of standard epidemiologic methods to Health Services Research. The course helps students to recognize the principles of Epidemiology in Health Services Research, and understand the terminology and methods specific to the field. Threats to validity including selection bias, confounding, information bias, and methods for their control will be discussed in a variety of settings emphasizing practical considerations. Lectures include recent or ongoing case studies and examples from the literature. Topics include strategic planning, quality management, risk-adjustment, benchmarking, outcomes and effectiveness research, and program evaluation.
Course Note: EPI202 and BIO 200 or BIO201 required or signature of instructor.

EPI 236s. Analytical Aspects of Clinical Epidemiology
Dr. E. F. Cook
5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Ten 2-hour sessions each week.

This course examines some features of study design, but is primarily focused on analytic issues encountered in clinical research. These include techniques for stratified analysis, regression modeling, matching and recursive partitioning. Emphasis is placed on the use of these techniques for the control of confounding and the development of clinical rules. The focus of this course is on applications and interpretations of results with limited introduction to theory that underlies these techniques.
Course Activities: Seminars are scheduled during regular class time. Students must develop a written summary of the analysis of a clinical data set based on the results of daily computer exercises.
Course Note: EPI 208st and BIO 206s (or similar courses) required; signature of instructor required.

EPI 241ab. Design Issues Involved in Measuring Health Status
Dr. E. F. Cook
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Examines methodologic issues related to measures of health status encountered in clinical research. Topics to be covered include instrument development; scaling; assessment of reliability, validity and responsiveness to change; principal component analysis and factor analysis.
Course Activities: Working in groups students must design an instrument to measure a construct of choice, distribute that instrument to a population, analyze the performance of the instrument from that data and present their results in class.
Course Note: Minimum enrollment of 10 students required; enrollment limited to 50 students; signature of instructor required.

EPI 242ab,cd. Seminar on Applied Research into Clinical Effectiveness
Dr. D. Singer, Dr. E. F. Cook, Dr. E. J. Orav
1.25 credits for "ab" semester; 1.25 credits for "cd" semester
Seminars. One 1.5-hour session each week.

This seminar serves as a forum for students' clinical epidemiologic research. In the process, students are exposed to a variety of research designs, analytic strategies, and content areas There is active class discussion. Faculty emphasize methodologic issues pertinent to that presentation.
Course Activities: Student presentation or written assignment.
Course Note: Must register in each appropriate semester; separate grade given at the end of each semester; signature of instructor required.

EPI 242ab,cd. Seminar on Applied Research into Clinical Effectiveness
Dr. D. Singer, Dr. E. F. Cook, Dr. E. J. Orav
1.25 credits for "ab" semester; 1.25 credits for "cd" semester
Seminars. One 1.5-hour session each week.

This seminar serves as a forum for students' clinical epidemiologic research. In the process, students are exposed to a variety of research designs, analytic strategies, and content areas There is active class discussion. Faculty emphasize methodologic issues pertinent to that presentation.
Course Activities: Student presentation or written assignment.
Course Note: Must register in each appropriate semester; separate grade given at the end of each semester; signature of instructor required.

[EPI 244c.] Genetic Epidemiologic Methods for Psychiatric and other Complex Disorders
Dr. S.L. Santangelo, Dr. P. Van Eerdewegh, Dr. M. Tsuang
2.5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures, Labs. One 3-hour session and one lab.

Designed to introduce students to classical and current research methodology for genetic epidemiologic studies of complex (non-Mendelian) disorders using examples drawn from the psychiatric genetics literature. Topics include issues in phenotype definition, design and analysis of family, twin, and adoption studies, segregation analysis, linkage analysis methods, and association studies. Students will gain direct experience in carrying out linkage analyses using different approaches and analytic packages. Laboratory sessions will be devoted to discussion of the technical details of executing the relevant computer programs and interpretation of results. This is one of the courses on the psychiatric epidemiology track, but it may also be of interest to students wanting to learn methods for studying any disorders with complex genetic inheritance.
Course Activities: Lectures, class discussion, homework assignments, labs devoted to computer analyses of data, interpretation, oral or written presentation of results of data analyses; enrollment limited to 25 students, instructor's signature required.

Course Note: Students should have an understanding of basic epidemiologic research methods, introductory biostatistics and probability; EHB 281a and/or signature of instructor required.

EPI 247b. Epidemiologic Methods Development - Past and Present
Dr. M. Mittleman
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course aims to provide students with a strong foundation in understanding the theoretical basis of currently used epidemiologic methods and also to help students acquire an understanding of the process of developing new approaches. The course will review the theoretical basis of modern epidemiology by reviewing landmark papers in the development of epidemiologic methods. Students will review classic papers that introduced important theoretical and methodological advances in the field. The course will begin with older papers, and trace the evolution of epidemiologic ideas, culminating in important recent areas of methods development.
Course Note: EPI 204d or signature of instructor required.

EPI 249a. Molecular Biology for Epidemiologists
Dr. I. DeVivo
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course offers an overview of molecular biology and presents molecular biological concepted and techniques commonly used in the laboratory and in epidemiological research. Topics include the structure of DNA and genes, DNA replication, transcription and RNA translation.
Course notes: Enrollment limited to 30 students; signature of instructor required; no auditors.

EPI 250b. Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer
Dr. F. Li
1.25 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

This course is an introductory overview of the molecular genetics and epidemiology of cancer, with emphasis on use of new laboratory techniques in epidemiologic studies. Also discussed will be the application of epidemiologic methods to the generation of new etiologic hypotheses.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st or signature of instructor required.

EPI 251c. Studies in Molecular Epidemiology
Dr. D. Hunter
1.25 credits
Seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

The aim of this course is to acquaint students with recent developments in molecular epidemiology, including molecular markers of environmental exposures, applications to risk assessment, and genetic markers of susceptibility. Students will present key papers in the literature for discussion. Applications will cover cancer, cardiovascular disease, and infectious diseases.
Course Activities: Student presentations and written evaluations of key papers.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 16 students; signature of instructor required.

EPI 252d. Infections and Cancer
Dr. N. Mueller, Dr. S. Stuver
2.50 credits
To be given 2000-2001; offered alternate years.
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour session each week.

This course reviews the epidemiology and public health impact of viral and other infectious agents associated with malignancy. The role of host response and the use of serology and viral probes as risk markers are discussed. A related disease or unknown agent is discussed as a case study.
Course Note: EPI 213c required.

EPI 254d. The Epidemiology of Aging
Dr. F. Grodstein
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

This course will cover epidemiologic concepts and methods related to diseases of aging as well as general health issues in the elderly. Topics will include the epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease; pharmacoepidemiology in the elderly; quality of life in aging populations; methodologic dilemmas in such research; as well as others

EPI 255a. The Epidemiology of HIV Infection, Part I: Etiology, Natural History and Transmission
Dr. G. Seage
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 3-hour session each week.

This course is designed to introduce students to the epidemiology of HIV infection. It is designed for those students with a keen interest in both HIV/AIDS and epidemiologic methods. This course will survey state-of-the-art knowledge of the epidemiology of HIV infection and will emphasize epidemiologic principles and methods; including studies of the etiology of AIDS, estimation of the incidence and prevalence of HIV and AIDS, natural history and survival. The use of appropriate study designs and potential sources of bias will be discussed, with a focus on observational designs. This course will provide the student with experience in the critical review of epidemiologic studies in this area.
Course Activities: Homework assignments will consist of study questions or study critiques. These assignments constitute 100% of the grade and are due on the day of the discussions.
Course Note: EPI200a, EPI200s, EPI201a, or EPI208st required, concurrent enrollment permitted. Ordinal grading only.

EPI 256b. The Epidemiology of HIV Infection, Part II: Design and Conduct of Therapeutic and Prevention Interventions
Dr. G. Seage
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 3-hour session each week.

This course is designed to introduce students to the design and conduct of HIV therapeutic and prevention interventions. It is designed for those students with a keen interest in both HIV/AIDS and epidemiologic methods. This course will survey state-of-the-art knowledge of the epidemiology of HIV infection and will emphasize epidemiologic principles and methods including the design and conduct of ethical HIV intervention trials. The us of appropriate study designs and potential sources of bias will be discussed. This course will provide the student with experience in the development of a research proposal.
Course Activities: Grades will be based on a research proposal describing a therapeutic or prevention trial.
Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI200s, EPI201a, EPI208st or signature of instructor required. Enrollment in EPI255a strongly recommended. Ordinal grading option only.

EPI 260d. Mathematical Modeling of Infectious Diseases
Dr. M. Lipsitch
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

This course will cover selected topics and techniques in the use of dynamical models to study the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Class sessions will include critical student presentations of important papers, presentation (lecture and demonstration) of modeling techniques and their application, and guest presentations by researchers in the field. Techniques will include design and construction of appropriate differential equation models, methods of equilibrium and stability analysis, parameter estimation from epidemiological data, techniques for sensitivity analysis, and critique of model assumptions. Specific topics will include the use of age-seroprevalence data, the effects of population heterogeneity on transmission, and the use of models for pathogens with multiple strains. This course is designed for students with a basic understanding of mathematical modeling concepts who want to develop models for their own work.
Course Note: EPI225c or permission of instructor required.

EPI 269cd. Epidemiologic Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Dr. B. Harlow, Dr. D. Cramer, Dr. K. Michels
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

This course will provide an overview of the methods and results from epidemiological research in the areas of contraception, infertility, pregnancy, menopause, and both benign and malignant gynecological conditions. Several lectures will feature an Ob/Gyn specialist who provides an overview of the clinical and physiological underpinnings of a particular topical area. These unique lectures compliment the discussion of pertinent epidemiological methods and topical literature.

Course Note: EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st or signature of instructor required.

EPI 284c. Epidemiology of Neurologic Diseases
Dr. A. Hofman, Dr. A. Ascherio,
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed to introduce students to the epidemiology of major neurologic diseases. The emphasis will be both on research methods and on substantive issues. The course is meant for those with research interests in neurologic diseases and in epidemiological and clinical aspects of aging. The course will stress etiologic and prognostic research from an epidemiologic and clinical viewpoint. The following topics and diseases will be addressed: the epidemiologic approach to clinical neurology; public health implications of neurologic diseases; aging and neurologic diseases; co-morbidity and neurologic diseases; genetic epidemiologic approaches to neurologic diseases. Neurological diseases that will be discussed include stroke, cerebrovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, cancers of the nervous system and epilepsy. Course Note: EPI200a, EPI201a, or EPI208st required; and BIO200ab, BIO201ab, or BIO200s and BIO200t required.

EPI 300a,b,c,d,e,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

EPI301 a,b,c,d,s Tutorial
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Course Note: Completed tutorial contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

EPI 310a,b,c,d,e,f. Research in Clinical Epidemiology
Dr. E.F. Cook
Time and credit to be arranged.

All students working in the Concentration of Clinical Epidemiology, who intend to complete the requirements for a Master of Science in Epidemiology based on only a summer schedule, are required to undertake and complete a clinical research project at their institution. Ten tutorial credits will be granted for this research. Each student is required to submit a written paper summarizing his or her research project. The exact content of this research project is determined by the faculty member assigned as principal advisor to the student. An appropriate content for this project might include the development of a research proposal to address a clinical question of interest, the implementation of this proposal with the collection of patient data, the analysis of these data, and the creation of a publishable manuscript (with detailed appendices) to describe the results of the analysis. Alternatively, part of this project might pertain to the creation of a full-fledged RO1 study protocol in the National Institutes of Health format, a publishable paper based on the analysis of existing data, a decision analysis, or a cost-effectiveness analysis.
Course Activities: Supervised research. Written progress reports must be submitted each semester.
Course Note: Acceptance into the Program in Clinical Effectiveness and completion is required; pass/fail grading option only.

EPI 311a,b,c,d,s. Teaching Assistant
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

EPI 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

EPI355d. Advanced Seminar in Breast Cancer Epidemiology
Dr. G. Colditz, Dr. S. Hankinson, Dr. B. Rockhill
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course is an advanced seminar in current breast cancer research. It is intended for graduate students who have passed their doctoral qualifying exam and who have a research focus in, or a strong interest in, cancer epidemiology and cancer prevention. Topics to be covered include mathematical models of breast carcinogenesis, associations between endogenous and exogenous hormones and breast cancer, histopathology of benign and malignant breast conditions, estrogen receptivity of tumors, breast morphology (mammographic density), mechanisms of chemoprevention and public health implications of such a strategy, lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity) and breast cancer, mammographic screening and risk communication. Meetings will be led by expert scientists in the research area, but the meetings are expected to be participatory discussions about future directions for research in the particular area.
Course Note: Enrollment limited; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting; pass/fail only.

EPI 400a,b,c,d,s. Non-Resident Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department. Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

HCM 701. Organizational Behavior
Dr. D. Javitch (P), Dr. N. Kane (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. 13 face-to-face sessions, field project.Summer 1 and Academic Year 1.

This course focuses on the challenges of managing complex health care systems. We will explore the leadership and motivational skills relevant to performing as an effective manager, and discuss the different roles associated with managing the individual, the unit, the organization, and the larger system.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 702. Marketing
Ms. D. Soodalter-Toman (P), Dr. N. Kane (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Weekend sessions. Academic Year 1.

Marketing Plans are born from an organization's mission and are integral to the development and implementation of a successful strategic plan. Most organizations require both an internal marketing plan (for staff and board - "stakeholders"), and an external marketing plan (for customers). This course will focus on the components of internal and external marketing, with particular attention to the marketing of different health care organizations and services. Participants will develop a marketing plan from conception through an analysis of return of investment (ROI). Several marketing techniques will be covered, including marketing to multicultural populations and women.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 703. Perspectives in Public Health
Dr. M. Roberts
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Eight 2-hour monthly sessions. Academic Year 1.

This partiallyteleconference-based course will use case studies focusing on important health care issues - such as workplace injuries, environmentally induced asthma, and indoor air pollution - to provide students with a perspective on the environmental, social, and behavioral complexities affecting the health of populations. Students will present solutions to cases and modify them as they take on a variety of public health perspectives. In addition, students will complete a field project or research paper on a public health issue.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 704. Managing Information in Health Care
Dr. D. Bialek
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week. Summer 2.

This course will expose students to the concepts and knowledge involved in making strategic use of information technology (IT) in health care organizations. It will clarify how to establish IT linkages to business, planning, and governance. In addition it will introduce students to technology management through the analysis of the lifecycle of IT, IT architecture, systems integration, and standards. The course focuses on key health care implications and the impact of IT upon quality, cost, and operations.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 705. The Statistical & Epidemiological Basis for Managing Health Care Quality
Dr. M. Pagano
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Weekend sessions. Academic year 2.

This course covers the fundamentals of biostatistics and epidemiology and addresses their application to the management of health care quality. The first part of the course reviews basic biostatistical and epidemiological concepts, using IT-assisted learning techniques. The second part of the course is even more interactive discussion requiring student participation, especially drawing on their experiences to incorporate biostatistics and epidemiology to more effectively manage the processes and outcomes of health delivery from the standpoint of quality.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 706. Health Care Management Practicum
Mr. J. Oxendine (P), Dr. N. Kane (S)
5 credits
Lectures, case studies.

This course focuses on further development of the clinical leadership and managerial skills that are most practical and relevant to current challenges facing health care organizations. Particular emphasis will be on planning, decision making, and management of major strategic and organizational change initiatives. Cases, discussion and guest speakers will provide participants with greater insights into the roles, challenges and success requirements of executives and clinical leaders in critical initiatives such as mergers, consolidations, restructuring, medical group management, utilization appropriateness, technology deployment and e-commerce strategy. Participants will also be required to undertake a field practicum to apply their knowledge and skills to addressing an important current managerial challenge facing a healthcare organization.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 719. Financial Transactions and Analysis
Mr. H. Rivenson
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Weekend sessions. Academic Year 1.

This intensive course introduces concepts of financial accounting to the non-accountant user of financial information. Basic accounting transactions, statement preparation and concepts of accrual versus cash accounting are presented in the first half of the course. The remainder of the course focuses on financial analysis of a variety of health care organizations.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Similar to HPM 219a - adapted for the non-residential program. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 720. Cost Accounting and Control Systems
Mr. R. Siegrist
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Weekend sessions. Academic Year 1.

This course is designed to introduce students to cost accounting and management control concepts and uses for health service organizations. The first part of the course develops a basic knowledge of cost accounting, including full and differential costing techniques. The remainder of the course focuses on management control structure and process and addresses topics such as responsibility accounting, budgeting, reporting and variance analysis.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Similar to HPM 220 - adapted for the non-residential program. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 731. Competitive Strategy Determination
Dr. N. Kane
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Weekend sessions. Academic Year 2.

This course focuses on the conceptual framework needed to plan for the long-term viability of health care organizations. Using selected readings and case studies of both health care and non-health care organizations, students will learn to appreciate the concepts of competitive strategy and competitive advantage primarily through practice in analysis. The objective is to provide students with the conceptual tools and the practical skills to enable them to formulate and evaluate organizational strategy.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 732s. Operations Management in Service Delivery Organizations
Dr. J. Pliskin
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week. Summer 1.

Operations management is concerned with evaluating the performance of operating units, understanding why they perform as they do, designing new or improved operating procedures and systems for competitive advantage, making short-run and long-run decisions that affect operations, and managing the work force. To understand the role of operations in any organization, a manager must understand process analysis, capacity analysis, types of processes, productivity analysis, development and use of quality standards, and the role of operating strategy in corporate strategy.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Similar to HPM 232 - adapted for the non-residential program. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 755. Payment Systems and Financial Management of Health Care Organizations
Ms. N. Turnbull, Ms. D. Puhy.
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Weekend sessions. Academic Year 2.

This course begins with an overview of payment systems, including payment of private sector (managed care) and public sector insurers. Payment incentives for cost containment and quality improvement will be explored, as well as the implications of payment systems for organizational strategy. The remainder of this course covers introductory/intermediate-level financial management of working capital and investments decision models, long-term capital structure, and valuation of health care organizations. Materials will primarily involve cases about a range of health care organizations (hospitals, insurers/managed care plans, neighborhood health centers, physician groups, home health agencies), supplemented by background readings.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Ordinal grading option only.

HCM 778. Health Care Negotiation and Conflict Resolution
Dr. L. Marcus, Dr. B. Dorn
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. 10 face-to-face sessions, field project.Summer 1 and Academic Year 1.

This course will offer students the skills and knowledge of negotiation, multi-dimensional problem solving, facilitation, conflict analysis, intervention and resolution. Through our review of the literature, in-class simulation exercises and lecture discussion, we will examine the field and explore its application to complex, multi-professional health care settings and issues.
Course Note: Enrollment in the part-time, non-residential Masters in Health Care Management program required. Similar to HPM 278d - but more extensive than traditional course. Ordinal grading option only.

HMP 200c. Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Public Health (Department of Health and Social Behavior, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Population and International Health)
Dr. L. Kubzansky, Dr. S. Buka
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 1-hour sessions and one 2-hour lab each week.

Introduces methodology to explore fundamental social and behavioral science concepts and theories useful in understanding social influences on health status. The course emphasizes quantitative and qualitative research methods in social sciences applied to observational and intervention-oriented studies. Major attention is given to the theoretical and conceptual frameworks from sociology and psychology in their application to public health problems.
Course Activities: One synthesis paper (5-8 pages); discussions; one exam.
Course Note: Departmental requirement for the Department of Health and Social Behavior; specifically geared to HSB students in the MPH and other professional master's degree programs.

HPB 280b. Decision Analysis for Health and Medical Practices (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Biostatistics)
Dr. S. Goldie
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed to introduce the student to the methods and growing range of applications of decision analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and benefit-cost analysis in health care technology assessment, medical decision making, and health resource allocation. The objectives of the course are: (1) to provide a technical understanding of the methods used, (2) to give the student an appreciation of the practical problems in applying these methods to the evaluation of medical procedures and public health policies, and (3) to give the student an appreciation of the uses and limitations of these methods in decision making at the levels of national policy, health care organizations including hospitals and health maintenance organizations, and individual patient care.
Course Note: Introductory course in probability and statistics required; BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab, or BIH 203b may be taken concurrently; introductory economics is recommended but not required.

HPB 281c. Methods for Decision Analysis in Public Health and Medicine (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Biostatistics)
Dr. K. Kuntz, Dr. M. Weinstein
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

An intermediate-level course on methods and health applications of decision analysis and other modeling techniques. Topics include Markov models, life expectancy modeling, deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, simulation models, ROC analysis and diagnostic technology assessment, quality of life valuation, multi-attribute utility, and behavioral decision theory.
Course Note: HPB 280b, HPM 286s, or equivalent introductory course on decision analysis required; signature of instructor required; familiarity with matrix algebra and elementary calculus may be helpful but not required.

HPB 282d. Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis in Public Health and Medicine (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Biostatistics)
Dr. J. Hammitt
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Topics include: methods and applications of cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis for health program evaluation, medical technology assessment, and environmental risk analysis; theoretical foundations; "shadow" pricing; economic valuation of life saving; choice of discount rates; cost accounting applied to economic evaluation in institutional settings; methods for assessing costs of environmental controls; economic evaluation of biomedical research; health status indices; ethical issues; and modern critiques.
Course Note: HPB 280b, HPM 286s, HPM 205ab and HPM 206ab, or signature of instructor required.

HPC 226e. Urban Violence in America (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Maternal and Child Health)
Dr. D. Prothrow-Stith, Dr. H. Spivak, and Dr. A. Browne
1.25 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 3-hour sessions.

This course will take an interdisciplinary approach to the causes and possible remedies for the epidemic of violence in the US. There is a specific emphasis on the public health approach to violence prevention.
Course Activities: Seminar discussions with course professors and invited violence prevention practitioners.
Course Note: Interest in injury prevention and public policy recommended; enrollment limited to 30 students from the School of Public Health. Pass/Fail only.

HPC 242c. Politics and Strategies for Change in Health Policy (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Maternal and Child Health)
Dr. R. Blendon
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This is a course for public health professionals who want their work to have a real impact on health policy decision-making. You will learn how to develop political strategies for influencing health care policy, and how political analysis can improve health policy research and its implementation at the national, state and local levels. Topics include political strategy; lobbying and special interest groups; the media and public opinion; campaigns, elections, and health policy; building coalitions; and grass roots advocacy.

HPC 506a. The Practice of Public Health in the United States (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Maternal and Child Health)
Dr. D. Prothrow-Stith, Dr. I. Aitken, Ms. J. Kurland, Dr. L. Marcus
1.25 credits
Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

This course will introduce students to the legal, political, and structural systems established for the delivery of public health in the United States. Students will be introduced to how responsibility for public health, and the core functions of assessment, assurance, and policy development, are divided among the three branches of government and the private sector. The role of medicine, community and civic associations, and academia in supporting the core functions of public health will also be reviewed. The course will provide students with the capacity to understand the full range of professional and academic endeavors contributing to the public health infrastructure of the United States.
Course note: This course is a prerequisite for ID 264cd: Practice of Family and Community Health.

HPE 284ab. Decision Theory (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Environmental Health)(Cross-listed at KSG as API-311)
Dr. J. Hammitt
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Introduces the standard model of decision-making under uncertainty, its conceptual foundations, challenges, alternatives, and methodological issues arising from the application of these techniques to health issues. Topics include von Neumann-Morgenstern and multi-attribute utility theory, Bayesian statistical decision theory, stochastic dominance, the value of information, judgment under uncertainty and alternative models of probability (Dempster-Shafer theory, generalized probability), and decision making (regret theory, prospect theory, generalized expected utility). Applications are to preferences for health and aggregation of preferences over time and across individuals.
Course Note: Prior course work in decision analysis required.

HPE 285d. Environmental Health Risk: Concept and Cases (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Environmental Health)
Dr. K. Thompson
2.5 credits
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Challenges students to evaluate the risk analysis framework as an approach to managing environmental health and safety, and other hazards. Addresses contemporary issues in risk assessment, evaluation, management, and communications using a case-method approach.

HPM 201b. Pharmacoeconomics
Dr. P. Neumann
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Examines key issues in the use of economic information in the evaluation of pharmaceuticals (and other medical technologies). Emphasizes applications of analytic techniques in a variety of disease areas, and includes discussions of the FDA's role, and the use of pharmacoeconomic information in coverage and reimbursement decisions by managed care plans.
Course Note: HPM280b and HPM282d required or with instructor's signature

HPM 205ab. Economic Analysis for Public Health
Dr. M. Roberts
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides an introduction to the basic principles of economics and economic analysis, particularly as they apply in the public health field. A systematic introduction to microeconomic theory including the determinants of supply and demand, the theory of markets, and the concept of economic efficiency. Specific topics in health care economics include the demand for health care, insurance, and the market for physician services.
Course Note: May not be taken for credit by students who previously have taken HPM 206ab.

HPM 206ab. Economic Analysis
Dr. D. Hemenway
5 credits
Lectures. Three 2-hour sessions each week.

Designed to bring students to an intermediate-level understanding of microeconomic theory. Emphasizes the uses and limitations of the economic approach, with applications to health and medical care.
Course Note: Students who have taken HPM 205ab must obtain the signature of instructor.

HPM 209t. The Economics of Health Policy
Dr. Y. Liu
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Students will learn how to analyze important health policy issues through the application of basic economic principles. No previous economics training is required; concepts will be learned as they are needed to understand the policy analyses. Among the topics we will discuss are health insurance; the role of taxation and regulation in promoting public health; hospital mergers; an overview of cost-effectiveness analysis; implications of the growth in for-profit health care providers; and health care reform.

HPM 210d. Medical Malpractice and Risk Management
Dr. B. Moulton
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses upon the development, implementation, and evaluation of risk management programs and legislative reforms in patient compensation plans. Attention is given to medical and hospital malpractice experience, key legal decisions in the area, and legislative reform movements setting up arbitration, screening panels, tort-law changes, no-fault mechanisms, etc. Emphasizes the interrelationship of quality of care standards and quality assurance to malpractice vulnerability and risk management programs.

HPM 211abcd. New Developments in Health Law
Dr. T. Brennan, Ms. M. Chirba-Martin, Ms. A. Noble
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 1.5-hour session each month.

The course will track recent developments in health law and legal issues pertaining to public health. Discussion will focus on topical decisions, bills being debated in Congress, newly enacted statutes, issues related to medical ethics, and developments in corporate and antitrust law.
Course Activities: Students select and submit items for discussion, which may be drawn from sources such as the BNA's Health Law Reporter, Lexis HOTTOPICS, and current affairs generally. Students are required to submit at least one new development summary of 1 to 2 pages for each session and present it to the seminar. Students will be expected to expand upon one of their contributions in an 8-10 page final paper
Course Note: Enrollment is limited to students in the Law and Public Health concentration of the MPH Program; signature of instructor required; cannot be taken for ordinal credit.

HPM 212ab. Program Evaluation in Health Policy
Dr. J. Needleman
5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Examines issues in the design and conduct of evaluations of health programs, with attention to the problems of assuring the accuracy, relevance and credibility of findings. Topics include establishing the scope for an evaluation, evaluation design, data and measurement issues, issues in inference (appropriate controls, statistical power, changing program design and unique local circumstances), and presenting and applying findings. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are discussed.
Course Note: No formal prerequisites. Familiarity with statistical inference and regression is needed for some topics addressed by the course.

HPM 213b. Introduction to Law and Public Health
Ms. A. Noble, Ms. M. Chirba-Martin, Dr. T. Brennan (S)
2.5 credits
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week

Designed for both non-lawyers and lawyers, this course examines how law can both promote and impede the public health. The interplay of law, public health policy, and the rights of the individual will be discussed. Classes cover a variety of topics, such as patient confidentiality, discrimination, informed consent, medical malpractice, and place them within the context of such public health problems as the HIV and tuberculosis epidemics, tobacco regulation, maternal and child health issues, and end of life decisions. An overview of international law is presented, and legal regimes in some developing countries will be contrasted with that of the United States. The viability of a "right to health" in the U.S. and internationally will also be addressed.
Course Note: The issues and concepts covered in this course are complemented by those covered in HPM 214cd, but HPM 213b is not a prerequisite for enrollment in HPM 214cd.

HPM 217cd. Advanced Topics in Health Law and Policy (Cross-listed at HLS as Lecture: Health Care Institution)
Dr. T. Brennan
2.5 credits
Lecture. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

Thise course introduces the law of health care institutions, including hospitals, insurers, government buyers, and health maintenance organizations. We will review new payment methods and insurance forms, antitrust litigation, challenges to not-for-profit status, the influence of ERISA on medical care, rationing mechanisms, and the role of integrated delivery systems in the future of medical care. The course emphasizes the structural aspects of medical care, drawing upon diverse materials from health economics and policy literature, as well as case law and commentary. In-class examination. No paper option.

HPM 219a. Financial Transactions and Analysis
Dr. N. Kane
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Three 2-hour sessions each week.

This intensive course introduces concepts of financial accounting for the non-accountant user of financial information. Basic accounting transactions, statement preparation, concepts of accrual vs. cash accounting, and nonprofit healthcare accounting are presented in the first half of the course. The second half focuses on statement analysis in a variety of health care organizations.
Course Note: Completion of Anthony's Essentials of Accounting before class begins required. Working ability with spreadsheets is also required; no auditors.

HPM 220b. Financial Management and Control
Mr. R. Siegrist
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Three 2-hour sessions each week.

The course is designed to introduce students to cost accounting and management control concepts and uses for health service organizations. The first part of the course develops a basic knowledge of cost accounting, including full and differential costing techniques. The remainder of the course focuses on management control structure and process and addresses topics such as responsibility accounting, budgeting, reporting and variance analysis.
Course Note: HPM 219a is recommended but not required.

HPM 221ab. Management in Public Health in Industrialized Countries
Dr. M. Roberts, Dr. C. Koeck
5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Introduces the management of health delivery organizations in industrialized countries. Topics include: organizational issues, financial management, cost accounting, management control systems, and institutional strategy. Combines cases, lectures, and speaker presentations, supplemented by topical readings, as a vehicle for analyzing management problems and evaluating alternative solutions. Introduces relevant managerial concepts and theories.

HPM 222d. Financial Management of Health Care Organizations
Ms. D. Puhy, Ms. A. Harbaugh
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Topics include financial management of working capital and investment decision models, long term capital structure and mergers and acquisitions of health care organizations. Materials will primarily involve cases about a range of health care organizations (hospitals, insurers/managed care plans, neighborhood health centers, physician groups, home health agencies, etc.).
Course Note: This course will be taught at an introductory/intermediate-level and is designed to be complementary to HPM 219a and HPM 220b. HPM 219a and HPM 220b required.

HPM 223b. Public Speaking for Managers
Dr. M. Campbell (P), Dr. N. Kane (S)
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course gives the student the opportunity to develop skills in oral communication. Emphasis is placed on the techniques most useful to managers. Students will give and critique their own presentations in a supportive classroom environment.
Course Note: Pass/Fail option only; enrollment limited to 20 students; instructor's signature required.

HPM 225d. Legal and Ethical Issues in the AIDS Epidemic
Ms. Z. Lazzarini
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

This course will consider some of the legal and ethical issues raised by the HIV/AIDS epidemic; how social issues, such as discrimination, have influenced the epidemic; the relative roles of voluntarism and coercion in public health strategies; the shift in epidemiology as HIV/AIDS affects increasing numbers of women, children and minorities; the design of prevention programs in a imperfect world; and questions of autonomy, beneficence and justice in ongoing research for effective treatments and vaccines. The course primarily concerns United States' policies, but international policies and issues will be covered in some sections, including those on discrimination and international research.
Course Note: This course will complement the health law materials and discussions in HPM 213b and scientific information in IMI 222d, but these courses are not prerequisites for enrollment.

HPM 227cd. The Economics of Health Policy (Cross-listed at KSG as HCP-272)
Dr. J. Newhouse
5 credits
Seminars. Two 1.5 hour sessions each week.

Policy issues related to the following topics are considered in the course: demand for medical care services, especially as a function of insurance; demand for insurance and issues of selection; reimbursement policies of Medicare toward both hospitals and physicians; effects of health maintenance organizations and their reimbursement by Medicare; quality of care and malpractice. The perspective will generally be that of federal policy, although state and local perspectives will receive some attention.

HPM 228cd. Introduction to the New American Health Care System: Law, Policy and Management
Mr. G. Moseley
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

The course examines the new organizations, structures, and relationships that are developing as the U.S. health care system reforms itself. We look in detail at the alphabet soup of delivery entities (HMOs, PPOs, MSOs, IPAs, PHOs, IDSs, MCOs, and the very-popular GPWWs) and their purposes, advantages, and disadvantages. These are placed in the context of evolutionary strategies which are being followed by key health care players - doctors, hospitals, insurers, employers, and MCOs themselves. We will explore the personal interests that motivate those players. The influence of federal and state government agencies on the new delivery and financing system will be a topic of study. There is a strong emphasis on the legal issues confronting health care executives (antitrust, fraud and abuse, and taxation) presented in a way accessible to non-lawyers. We will learn about the market, fiscal, and public policy forces that are pushing the system to develop in various ways. And we will study the opportunities and challenges facing the managers of the emerging health care organizations in this country.

HPM 230cd. Managing People in Health Care Organizations
Mr. G. Moseley
5 credits
Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

Explains the basic systems and strategies for managing human resources in health care delivery organizations. Studies the basic principles of recruiting ancillary and professional staff (particularly nurses and physicians), managing and supervising their job performance, correcting the problems they present (absenteeism, substance abuse), and when necessary, firing them. Stresses the role of labor unions in hospital operations, the management of medical staff relations, and the downsizing of hospital work forces.

HPM 231c. Competitive Strategy Determination
Mr. D. Moriarty
2.5 credits
Case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses on the conceptual framework needed to plan for the long-term viability of health care (and other) organizations. Using selected readings and case studies of both health care and non-health care organizations, students will learn to appreciate the concepts of competitive strategy and competitive advantage primarily through practice in analysis. The objective is to provide students with the conceptual tools and the practical skills to enable them to formulate and evaluate organizational strategy.

HPM 232c. Operations Management in Service Delivery Organizations and Strategies for Managing Variable Patient Demand in Health Care Settings
Dr. E. Litvak (S), Dr. M. C. Long (P)

2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Operations management is concerned with evaluating the performance of operating units, understanding why they perform as they do, designing new or improved operating procedures and systems for competitive advantage, making short-run and long-run decisions that affect operations, and managing the work force. To understand the role of operations in any organization, a manager must understand: process analysis, capacity analysis, types of processes, productivity analysis, and the role of operating strategy in corporate strategy. Case studies will be used to introduce students to a wide range of practical operational issues in healthcare delivery. Students will also be introduced to a new variability based methodology and to the quantitative techniques to reduce cost while maintaining or even improving quality of care. Problem oriented software will be used for some of these scenarios

HPM 233d. Strategic Marketing Management in Health Systems
Mr. G. Wasek
2.5 credits
Seminars, case studies, lectures. One 3-hour session each week.

Examines marketing within a strategic framework across the public and private sectors, domestic and international health systems, and social marketing contexts. Marketing management, research, and strategy techniques are discussed and applied to program design, business planning, and implementation issues. Course emphasizes analytic skills development in marketing.

HPM 235b. Managed Care Policy Issues
Ms. N. Turnbull
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Managed care programs have grown rapidly in the past decade in the United States and have become the major type of health coverage for most insured people. Managed care techniques are also being incorporated in the health care systems of many other countries. This course will review the fundamentals of managed care, with an emphasis on the major public health policy issues that have arisen with the growth of managed care. Students will be encouraged to develop their own critical assessment of the performance of managed care and of the prospects of using managed care to control national health spending and to improve access and quality of care.

HPM 238c. Strategic Use of Information Systems in Health Care Delivery
Dr. J. Nobel
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will explore information systems from the perspectives of providers, payers, and consumers within the health care environment. Leading edge technology, systems theory, health care software applications and health care strategic planning will be described and placed in context by guest discussants. Topics include computerized patient records, repository databases, clinical decision support systems, and interactive multimedia communications.

HPM 239b. Applied Financial Analysis of Health Care Organizations I
Dr. N. Kane
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

In this applied skill-building course, students are assigned a set of current healthcare organization financial statements to analyze as a group; then break into smaller groups to pursue student - defined financial research questions. Research questions vary in response to outside agencies' requests, major public health issues, or special interests of students. Course provides the opportunity to apply skills introduced in HPM 219a and to participate in a group research project.
Course Note: HPM 219a required; enrollment limited to 15 students; signature of instructor required; pass/fail only.

HPM 239b,cd. Applied Financial Analysis of Health Care Organizations
Dr. Kane
1.25 credits for "b" period; 2.5 credits for "cd" period
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

In this applied skill-building course, students are assigned a set of current healthcare organization financial statements to analyze as a group; then break into smaller groups to pursue student - defined financial research questions. Research questions vary in response to outside agencies' requests, major public health issues, or special interests of students. Course provides the opportunity to apply skills introduced in HPM 219a and to participate in a group research project.
Course Note: HPM 219a required; HPM 239b is a prerequisite for HPM 239cd; student must register in appropriate semester for each course; grade will be given at the end of "b" period and at the end of "cd" period; enrollment limited to 15 students; signature of instructor required; pass/fail only.

HPM 241ab. Health Care in the U.S.: System, Policy, and Comparative Perspectives (Cross-listed at KSG as HCP-100)
Dr. S. Burke, Dr. J. Akula
5 credits
Lectures. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

An introduction to (1) how the health care system in the U.S. is organized, including the major private-sector and public-sector institutions involved in the delivery, management, regulation and financing of care; (2) the current policy debate about federal, state, and private reforms aimed at controlling costs, expanding access, and protecting quality; and (3) the ways in which the health care systems of other nations in the industrialized world provide insights into the U.S. experience.
Course Activities: The instructor will provide an overview. Guest lecturers from different disciplines, including medicine, economics, public health, and the social sciences, will introduce a variety of analytic approaches. Sheila Burke, previously an instructor in this course, will be a frequent gues lecturer on the politics of health care and public sector programs.

HPM 243c. Health Economics: Economic Analysis of the Health Care System
Dr. W. Hsiao
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Introduces health economics, using economic analysis to examine major health care financing and delivery issues, and the development of policies and programs designed to address them. Topics include: health care financing, health care access and utilization, control of cost inflation, market structure, competition, and national health plans.
Course Note: HPM 205ab or HPM 206ab or signature of instructor required.

HPM 244d. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industries: Public Policy and Regulatory Issues
Mr. J. Norris
1.25 credits
Seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

This course analyzes public policy and legal issues in the important health care industries of pharmaceutical and biotechnology in the U.S. and worldwide. Research and development of new biomedical products is stressed. Regulatory programs for new product development, the ethics of clinical investigation, and the ethics of conflict of interest are also examined.

HPM 245f. Public Health Leadership Skills
Dr. D. Prothrow-Stith, Dr. L. Marcus
2.5 credits
Lectures, laboratories. Five 7-hour sessions.

This course responds to recent criticism by the Institute of Medicine that public health schools are failing to train professionals to work in health agencies. It provides students with concrete skills needed to fill leadership positions in health. Topics include: public speaking, articulation of goals, negotiation, budget justification, and constituency building.
Course Note: Recommended to follow ID 250a and HPM 242c; students should demonstrate an interest in careers in public leadership.

HPM 246abcd. Seminar in Health Policy (Cross-listed at KSG as HCP-597ab and HCP-598cd and at FAS as HP-2000)
Dr. J. Newhouse, Dr. R. Frank
10 credits, given at end of last semester
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is restricted to doctoral students. Topics covered will include the financing and organization of health care, medical manpower, medical malpractice, technology assessment, prevention, mental health, long-term care, and quality of care.
Course Note: Requirement for doctoral students in the HPM department; signature of instructor required for those who are not doctoral candidates in the HPM department; the course meets at the John F. Kennedy School of Government

HPM 247cd. Political Analysis and Strategy for U.S. Health Policy (Cross-listed at KSG as HCP-175)
Dr. R. Blendon
5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

This course offers political and analytical insights into understanding U.S. health policymaking and into developing strategies that influence health policy outcomes. The course provides both the theoretical basis and strategic skills for influencing the health policy process within U.S. political institutions. In addition, this course addresses the politics of agenda-setting and health care; the press, politics, and health policy; pollsters and political institutions; White House politics; health politics and the states; and health politics abroad.

HPM 253t. Quality Improvement in Health Care
Dr. M. Bisognano, Dr. D. Berwick
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Sixteen 1.75-hour sessions.

This course is designed for practicing physicians and those with an interest in health care management. It will explore both the theory and practical methods being employed to make improvement in health systems. Clinical cases, organizational lessons and interactive learning modules will guide the learners to an understanding of the necessary elements for improvement and how to identify and eliminate barriers to change. Local site visits to health care settings will be scheduled to demonstrate important lessons.

HPM 255d. Payment Systems in Healthcare
Dr. N. Turnbull
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars and case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course examines issues related to third-party payment of health care institutions and individual providers. The major objectives of the course are to provide students with an understanding about the different methods used to pay different types of providers; an understanding of the impact of payment methods on the behavior of providers, payers, purchasers, and patients; the ability to identify the basic features of a capitation payment system and understand the associated business and ethical opportunities and risks; and the ability to assess and assign risk and accountability in payment arrangements between health plans and provider organizations. Extensive use will be made of case studies from a range of different health care organizations.

HPM 271e. Overview of Intimate Partner Violence
Dr. D. Prothrow-Stith, Dr. A. Browne
1.25 credits
Lectures, Seminars. Five 3.5-hour sessions.

This course is intended as an introduction to the topic of domestic violence for students interested in doing an independent study or practica later in the academic year. Lectures and seminars will cover the epidemiology of domestic violence; dynamics of abusive relationships; responses of the criminal justice and health care sectors; the role of the shelter and advocacy communities; relationships between domestic violence and other forms of violence; and strategies for primary prevention. Guest lecturers from prevention and intervention programs will provide personal insights and will describe potential practica at their agencies.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 20 students; pass/fail only.

HPM 274abcd. Oral Health Policy Research Seminar (Cross-listed at HDS as OHPE-222)
Dr. Douglass
5 credits, given at end of last semester
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

The fall term concentrates on the research methods of current national studies of the need, supply, demand, and cost of dental care. Policy research documents of the ADA, IOM, FDA, CDC, New England Research Institute, RAND Corp., and the NCHS are studied. Research designs and data collection methods are reviewed. The spring term emphasizes the research work of faculty and students on relevant dental care policy subjects. Grade is based upon participation and the defense of a current health policy protocol .
Course Note: Upon completion of HPM 274ab, 0 credits and grade of "SIP" (Still in Progress) will be assigned; upon successful completion of both HPM 274ab AND HPM 274cd, students will receive 5 credits and a final grade.

HPM 275a. Health Policy Issues: Access to Dental Services
Dr. C. Douglass
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course uses examples and issues in dentistry and dental public health as a strategy for understanding health policy and public health program development and management at the local, state, and national levels. The objectives are: to understand the process of health policy development; to apply the health policy process and community health program planning methods to dental services program development; and to identify possible linkages between the public health system and the (dental) health services delivery system.

HPM 276t. A Survey of Methods and Applications In Health Services Research
Dr. A. Epstein
2.5 credits
Not offered summer 2000.
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Five 1.75-hour sessions each week.

This course introduces students to health services research. The course includes sessions on both methodologic techniques and applications. Individual sessions will be devoted to research design, analyses of large databases, cost effectiveness analyses, survey methodology, assessment of health status, assessment of quality, measurement of access to care, risk adjustment, and statistical techniques pertinent to health services research. There will also be sessions reviewing managerial applications such as case management, use of hospital information systems, and targeting for high risk patients.
Course Activities: Students will be asked to critically review several papers during some of the sessions. In the final part of the course, students will work in small groups to critique a "grant proposal: designed to study an important problem in health services or health policy research.

HPM 277s. Current Issues in Health Policy
Dr. Epstein, Dr. Komaroff
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Five 1.75-hour sessions each week.

This course introduces students to the major health policy issues facing the United States today. The course focuses on the roles of hospitals, doctors, private and government insurance, and different systems for organizing and financing care (such as tra ditional fee-for-service, HMOs, and other forms of 襪anaged care?. Individual sessions in the course will be devoted to topics such as medical malpractice, policy issues related to pharmacological therapy, physician payment, academic health centers, work force, physician profiling, managed care, Medicare, Medicaid, AIDS health policy and ethical issues.
Course Note: Taken with HPM 276s, the course sessions are designed to provide both a general background of the health care system and knowledge of many of the cutting-edge issues that are on the forefront of the nation誷 health policy agenda.

HPM 278d. Skills and Methods of Health Care Negotiation and Conflict Resolution
Dr. L. Marcus
1.25 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course introduces students to the theory and practice of negotiation and conflict resolution. Particular emphasis is placed on integrating analytic skills, negotiation techniques and conflict resolution methods into the practice of public health. Much of the class is devoted to simulation exercise in which general concepts and methods are demonstrated and practiced. These exercises model disputes typical of health care settings and public health problems. The debriefing which follows each exercise offers individual feedback, as well as the opportunity to examine applied issues of organizational communication, system design, and conflict. By the end of the course, students will have knowledge of the overt and covert causes of conflict, concepts for analyzing disputes and a variety of methods useful for preventing, resolving and when necessary, initiating a conflict.
Course Note: Minimum enrollment of 12 students required.

HPM 278e. Skills and Methods of Health Care Negotiation and Conflict
Resolution
Dr. L. Marcus
1.25 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two eight-hour session and one 2-hour exam.

This course introduces students to the theory and practice of
negotiation and conflict resolution. Particular emphasis is placed on
integrating analytic skills, negotiation techniques and conflict
resolution methods into the practice of public health. Much of the
class is devoted to simulation exercise in which general concepts and
methods are demonstrated and practiced. These exercises model disputes
typical of health care settings and public health problems. The
debriefing which follows each exercise offers individual feedback, as
well as the opportunity to examine applied issues of organizational
communication, system design, and conflict. By the end of the course,
students will have knowledge of the overt and covert causes of
conflict, concepts for analyzing disputes and a variety of methods
useful for preventing, resolving and when necessary, initiating a
conflict.

Course Note: Minimum enrollment of 12 students required.

HPM 286s. Decision Analysis in Clinical Research
Dr. M. Weinstein
2.5 credits
Lectures. Five 1.75-hour sessions each week for 3.5 weeks.

Introduces the following topics: decision analysis methods relevant to clinical decision making and clinical research; the use of probability to express uncertainty; Bayes theorem and evaluation of diagnostic test strategies; sensitivity analysis; utility theory and its use to express patient preferences for health outcomes; cost-effectiveness analysis in clinical research and health policy; and uses and limits of decisions analysis and cost-effectiveness in clinical decision making and research design.
Course Note: Limited enrollment; priority will be given to participants in the Summer Program in Clinical Effectiveness.

HPM 287abcd. Research Seminar on Risk and Decision Analysis
Dr. J. Hammitt
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 1.5-hour session every two weeks.

This doctoral level seminar introduces students to state-of-the-art scholarship in risk analysis and decision theory. Biweekly guest speakers from within and outside the university will present their current research projects. The seminar will aim for balance between theoretical and applied projects. While specific topics will change from year to year, relevant fields will include: theory and techniques of risk analysis; choice under uncertainty; health policy models; cost-effectiveness analysis; statistical decision theory; subjective probability and utility assessment.
Course Note: For doctoral candidates or for advanced master's degree students; signature of instructor required.

HPM 288c. Management Science
Dr. E. Litvak
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Management science (frequently referred to as Operations Research) will introduce the students to various quantitative tools and methods useful in optimizing the use and allocation of scarce resources. Topics include: linear programming, transportation, assignment, network flows, dynamic programming, queuing and simulation.

HPM 290ab. Applied Research and Practice in Health Policy and Management
Ms. N. Turnbull
5 credits, given at end of each semester.
Field work and one 2-hour session each month. Fieldwork takes place for 8-10 hours each week.

Allows students to apply analytic and management methods to concrete problems. Students carry out a research project, perform a policy analysis or conduct a management study on behalf of an individual or institutional sponsor. Students work with sponsors to develop individual projects. Students meet monthly to discuss progress and hear guest speakers from a range of health care organizations. At the conclusion of the course, students prepare oral and written reports summarizing their project results.
Course Note: Open only to students in the second year of the two-year Master of Science in Health Policy and Management.

HPM 290cd. Applied Research and Practice in Health Policy and Management
Ms. N. Turnbull
5 credits, given at end of each semester.
Field work and one 2-hour session each month. Fieldwork takes place for 8-10 hours each week.

Allows student to apply analytic and management skills to concrete problems. Students carry out a research project, perform a policy analysis, or conduct a management study on behalf of an individual or institutional sponsor. Students work with sponsors to develop individual projects. Students meet monthly to discuss progress and hear guest speakers from a range of health care organizations. At the conclusion of the course, students prepare oral and written reports summarizing their project results.
Course Note: Open only to students in the second year of the two-year Master of Science Program in Health Policy and Management.

HPM 291cd. Applied Research in the Law of Health Policy and Management
Dr. T. Brennan
5 credits
Field studies.

Allows students in the Law and Public Health Concentration of the MPH degree program to apply analytic skills to a practical problem. Students carry out a research project, perform a policy analysis or conduct a managerial study on behalf of an individual or institutional sponsor.
Course Note: Signature of instructor required.

HPM 292d. Research Ethics
Dr. T. Brennan
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 1-hour session each week.

This course is required for all students engaged in studies supported by the National Institutes of Health, and is open to everyone. The course reviews a series of ethical issues that arise in the conduct of research. Topics will include informed consent, disclosure of conflicts of interest, multiple authorship issues, issues in mentoring, including gender and race-based discrimination, and the federal oversight process.
Course Activities: Multiple lecturers will conduct interactive sessions.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only.

HPM 296cd. Doctoral Seminar in Health Economics (Cross-listed at KSG as HCP-581 and at FAS as EC 2460)
Dr. J. Newhouse, Dr. D. Cutler, Dr. R. Ellis
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

Explores frontier work in the field of health economics. Focuses on learning advanced theories and economic models useful for policy analysis, and on helping students develop dissertation and/or research topics. Students enrolled for credit are expected to present original research at the end of the semester.
Course Note: For doctoral candidates or very advanced master's degree students; a graduate-level microeconomics course is required; signature of instructor required indicating suitable background. Course meets for 4 weeks at Boston University, five weeks at HSPH, and 4 weeks at the Kennedy School of Government.

HPM 297cd. Public Opinion, Polling, and Public Policy (Cross-listed at KSG as API-214)
Dr. R. Blendon
5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Public opinion polling has become an essential tool in public policy decision making and media reporting. This course focuses on helping students interested in these areas learn the basic skills required to design, use, and critically interpret surveys measuring public opinion. The lectures in this course will be given by Harvard faculty and guest speakers who are involved currently in national polling activities. Guest speakers will include experts in newspaper and television polling, political campaign strategy, and election exit polling. In addition, class participants will get "hands on experience" analyzing and critically evaluating existing opinion surveys, designing polling questions and interpreting results.

HPM 300a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

HPM 301a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Course Note: Completed tutorial contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

HPM 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

HPM 400 a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

HPM 507a. Mental Health, Policy and Economics in the United States
Dr. M. Rosenthal
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Mental health policy has gained visibility on the public agenda in the U.S. over the past several years, culminating with this year's release of the first ever Surgeon General's report on mental health. This course introduces students to the U.S. system of financing and delivering mental health services and covers a range of policy issues related to mental illness. After a brief overview of the epidemiology of mental illness and the U.S. public and private mental health care system, the majority of the course will be devoted to discussion and anaylsis of the major issues and initiatives in mental health policy of the past several decades including the current debate over parity legislation. Though not to the exclusion of other viewpoints, the course will emphasize economic principles in framing issues and evaluating possible solutions

HPM 508c. Legal and Regulatory Issues in Managed Care
Dr. A. Noble, Dr. M. Chirba-Martin, Dr. T. Brennan (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course explores how law affects health care delivery and finance with a primary focus on managed care. The latter half of this decade has seen a dramatic increase in the regulation of managed care, particularly in the US. Meanwhile the federal government, particularly through the Employee Retirement and Income Security Act (ERISA), exerts its regulatory influence, and is now considering a number of bills that could expand the federal presence in this area. This course will examine these recent developments in the regulation of managed care. Issues of federalism and state police power will be explored, with emphasis on the ERISA. Managed care organization and/or provider liability in tort, anti-trust, fraud and abuse, as well as avoiding liability will be studied. The course will also look at how regulations affect the relationships among key stakeholders: the health plan, the provider and the patient. Provider contracting, gag clauses, consumer rights, incentive structures, etc. will be included. Other issues include the implications of tax status, and nonprofit conversions; the sometimes competing ethical and legal obligations of provider and organization to the patient. By the end of the course, students will be challenged to make predictions concerning the future of US health care delivery and regulation, given their exposure to these issues.

HPM 510s. Introduction to Management of Health Care Organizations
Dr. M. Roberts
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course provides an introduction to two of the major tasks confronting managers of health care organizations. Building on an introduction to organizational theory, the course focuses on the main problems of organizational strategy and the management of human resources. This course makes extensive use of case based classroom discussions, as well as selected conceptual readings.

HPM 512t. Medical Informatics
Dr. D. Bates, Dr. G. Kuperman
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Medical informatics will address using data from clinical information systems in performing clinical effectiveness research, including the strengths and limitations of these data. Major topics will include an overview of medical informatics; discussion of the nature of computer-based data including medical vocabularies and obtaining information from clinical systems; and clinical systems with a focus on clinical decision support and how to evaluate their impact. Special topics will also be covered including large databases, the Web, confidentiality-related issues, information retrieval, and patient computing.
Course Activities: Students will have to write a paper about a proposed analysis using data from a clinical information system.
Course Notes: Ordinal grading only.

HPM 514s. Developing Questionnaires to Measure the Outcomes of Health Care
Dr. T. Lieu, Dr. E. Cook, Dr. M. Connelly, Dr. L. Nekhlyudov
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 1.75-hour sessions each week.

This course emphasizes concepts, methods, and practical procedures for developing questionnaires for assessing patients' health status and the outcomes of care. The course reviews qualitative and quantitative approaches to developing measures. Statistical methods needed to construct and use scales and indices successfully are also presented and discussed. On the basis of their experience in this course, students will be able to locate available research-quality instruments for measuring health care outcomes, make intelligent choices among existing instruments, interpret the results of questionnaire-based data from their own and others?research, and participate in the development of original outcomes measurement tools.
Course Activities: A group project is required in which students collaborate to construct an instrument, conduct a pilot test, administer a final form to colleagues, and analyze and present data on instrument performance.
Course Note: Introductory courses in epidemiology and biostatistics required; enrollment limited; signature of instructor required.

HPM 515c. Quality Measurement in Health Care
Dr. R. Palmer, Dr. S. Greenfield, Dr. S. Kaplan
2.5 credits
Lectures, workshop. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

The course provides a strong grounding in methods and strategies for quality measurement for use in quality improvement and accountability programs. Topics covered include measurements of clinical quality using process or outcome data, including the impact of severity of illness on outcome. Several sessions also cover measurement of patient experience/ satisfaction using patient survey data. Through lectures, classroom exercises and homework, students learn the terminology, concepts and strategies for quality measurement.
Course Note: Experience with some aspect of delivery of personal health services is desirable, as well as an understanding of basic principles of biostatistics and epidemiology.

HPM 516d. Quality Improvement in Health Care
Dr. L. Leape, Dr. E. Schneider
2.5 credits
Seminar. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course examines the nature and causes of variations in the quality of health care and asks what can be done about them. It explores the theories and methods of quality improvements with a focus on strategies for changing the practices of physicians and organizations. Topics include geographic and other variations in overuse, underuse and misuse of health care services, traditional quality improvement techniques such as regulation, credentialing, education, and new techniques including continuous quality improvement, organizational learning, systems design, managed care, practice guidelines, information systems, performance reports, and mediation.
Course Note: The instructors will emphasize and expect active participation in class discussions.

HPM517d. Ending Violence Against Women and Girls: International Perspectives on Strategies for Change
K. Leiter (P), D. Prothrow-Stith (S)
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week

The topic of this seminar is violence against women and girls; our primary focus will be relationship violence. Our perspective will be an interdisciplinary one, drawing on the interrelated discourses of public health practice, social justice and popular/ grassroots movements. It will also be an international one, incorporating programmatic experiences and women's and men's voices from around the world. We will consider the evolution and current status of knowledge, public policy and activism. This course is intended to develop students' analytical and critical skills, and to serve as a forum for your ideas and proposals for practical strategies of investigating and delegitimizing gender-based violence.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 8 students. Students are expected to have an introductory knowledge of the dynamics, cause and consequences of family violence.

HPM 520b. Organizing Consumer and Community Interests in the Health System
S. Sherry, Dr. B. Gibbs, Dr. D. Prothrow-Stith
2.5 credits
Seminar. One 4-hour session each week

This course focuses on organizing consumer and community interests in the health system with particular emphasis on effective interventions by and for the traditionally disenfranchised. Using the framework of community organizing, the course examines the elements of building and sustaining constituency involvement in health care. Analysis of health policy and politics is used to identify strategic opportunities and challenges for consumer intervention. The course emphasizes the practical applications of organizing and policy analysis to influence health policy particularly at the institutional, local and state levels. Extensive use of recent case examples ground the class in the current issues faced by community groups and other health interests in a rapidly changing health system.
Course note: Enrollment limited to 20 students.

HPM521t. Information Systems in Healthcare
Dr. D. Bialek
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will expose students to the concepts and knowledge involved in making strategic use of information and information technology in healthcare organizations. Particular emphasis will be placed on the provider perspective and the use of information in decision-making. The majority of the course focuses on the management aspects of IT in healthcare, though some time will be spent examining certain technical aspects such relational databases and the internet. This course combines cases, lectures, and speaker presentations.

HPP 207ab. Econometrics for Health Policy (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Population and International Health)
Dr. C. Yip
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course provides students with an understanding of basic econometric concepts and methods commonly used in health policy research. Special attention is given to modeling and model specification issues. Articles from the health policy literature and computer data exercises provide a context for discussion of the methods. Prepares students for a fuller understanding of the material covered in HPM 208cd.
Course Note: Some prior course work in statistics necessary; signature of instructor required indicating suitable background.

HPP 268c. Financing Health Care in Developing Countries (Departments of Health Policy and Management and Population and International Health)
Dr. W. Hsiao, Dr. P. Berman
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course provides students with a wide-ranging introduction to public and private financing of health care in developing countries. Financing methods covered include community financing, social insurance, user's fees, privatization, and efficiency improvement. Analyzes economic considerations in alternative approaches to financing, including equity, efficiency, and stability. Reviews formal perspective of economic theory. Assesses link between stages of national development and health care financing.
Course Note: HPM 205ab or HPM 206ab required; signature of instructor required.

HSB 201a. Society and Health
Dr. I. Kawachi
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions and one 1.5-hour lab each week.

Analyzes major social variables that affect population health: poverty, social class, gender, race, family, community, work, behavioral risks, and coping resources. Examines health consequences of social and economic policies, and the potential role of specific social interventions. Reviews empirical and theoretical literature on mechanisms and processes that mediate between social factors and their health effects, and discusses alternative models for advancing public health.
Course Activities: Short written assignments, class discussion, final term paper, final examination.
Course Note: Departmental requirement for the Department of Health and Social Behavior.

HSB201s. Society and Health
Dr. L. Berkman
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

Analyzes major social variables that affect population health: poverty, social class, gender, race, family, community, work, behavioral risks, and coping resources. Examines health consequences of social and economic policies, and the potential role of specific social interventions. Reviews empirical and theoretical literature on mechanisms and processes that mediate between social factors and their health effects, and discusses alternative models for advancing public health.
Course Activities: Short written assignments, class discussion, final term paper, final examination.
Course Note: Departmental requirement for the Department of Health and Social Behavior.

HSB 204b. Communication in Health Care Settings
Dr. L. Daltroy
2.5 credits
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will focus on theory and practice of health communication in the clinical encounter: doctor-patient communication, patient education, adherence to medical regimen, cognition and behavioral skills in chronic disease co-management, informed consent, and psychoeducational preparation for surgery.
Course Activities: Brief papers on readings, class discussions, role play, one presentation, one optional paper for extra credit.
Course Note: Clinician or social sciences background recommended; enrollment limited to 18 students; signature of instructor required.

HSB 212cd. Developing Radio Communications
Dr. B. Austin (P), Dr. L. Berkman (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

Covers the development and use of radio communications in public health. Participants create an original, broadcast quality radio commercial, moving from background research to scripting and final production.
Course Activities: One trip to a Boston recording studio; one trip to a Boston radio station. One-hour individual session at the recording studio with a professional announcer to produce the radio commercial.
Course Note: Preference given to students in the Department of Health and Social Behavior; enrollment limited to 15 students; signature of instructor required.

HSB 214c. Health Literacy (Cross-listed at GSE)
Dr. R. Rudd
2.5 credits
To be given 2000-2001; offered alternate years.
Seminar, practicum. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses on the linkages between health and literacy and between health and adult education theory and methods. Participants hone skills assessing literacy demands in health communications. Structured fieldwork includes observation studies, interviews, small projects.
Course Note: Instructor's signature required; no auditors; ordinal grading option only.

HSB 215ab. History, Politics, and Public Health: Theories of Disease Distribution Across Time and Culture
Dr. N. Krieger
5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

This course will focus on social and scientific contexts, content, and implications of diverse theories of disease causation, both past and present. Theories covered range from ancient Greek, Chinese, Indian, African, Latin American and American Indian theories to miasma, contagion, germ theory, biomedical model, lifestyle, social production of disease, and ecosocial theory. The course will consider how these theories shape questions people ask about -- and explanations and interventions they offer for--patterns of health, disease, and well being in their societies. The goal is for students to develop a historical and critical perspective concerning current theories of disease causation, and to incorporate this perspective into their public health research and projects.
Course Activities: Brief reaction papers on reading each week, class participation, one group project (textbook survey), one final paper.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 25 students, with preference given to doctoral students in HSB; signature of instructor required.

HSB 221cd. Psychosocial Theories of Health and Health Behavior
Dr. K. Emmons, Dr. L. Daltroy
5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

This is a doctoral-level course, designed to provide students with a conceptual grounding in theoretical approaches to health and health behavior. This course emphasizes the use of psycho-social theories in health-related research and includes an examination of Health Beliefs Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Learning Theory, the Transtheoretical Model, Prospect Theory/risk communication, control theory, social support, and social networks. Heuristic models designed to integrate these theoretical perspectives will be addressed.
Course Activities: Assigned readings, class participation, two papers, weekly concept papers, small individual presentations.
Course Note: HSB 201a required; enrollment is primarily for doctoral students and is limited to 15 students in total; master's students need instructors' permission; signature of instructor required

HSB 225d. Health and Social Policy in the Workplace
Dr. J. Heymann
2.5 credits
Seminars. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week.

The course explores how health and social policies mediate whether work has a positive or negative effect on the health and welfare of individuals, families, and communities. Topic areas covered will include, among others: work by those with chronic health conditions, injuries, or diseases, work by those with learning or developmental disabilities, work-family policies, welfare to work polices, safe workplace policies, and health interventions at workplaces. Stages from policy development to the politics of implementation will be discussed.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 25 students

HSB229e. The Future of Health Communication: New Media and Emerging Technologies
Mr. B. Glassman, Dr. K. Emmons
1.25 credits
Five 3 ?sessions for one week.

Every day an average of five new Internet-connected devices are announced; more and more of them are wireless. Where will the high-quality health knowledge come from? How will we meet the health information needs of people with Web-connected car radios and cell-phones with browsers, while keeping in touch with people who must walk a mile for a pay phone? How can we predict and even shape the evolution of the technologies we will use to reach those at risk? How can we hold anyone's attention in a world of individually tailored, high-speed virtual reality? What will the health information consumers of 2010 require of us?

This class will pose and address these questions, in the context of key public health problems. Participants will learn to detect and understand the earliest signals from the creators of new technologies, to forge partnerships with technology innovators, to develop, package and store information in ways that will make it optimally accessible by many kinds of devices, and to design and build their own innovative delivery systems where necessary

Course Activities: Class participation, leading an in-class discussion.
Course Note: Minimum enrollment of 5 students required.

HSB 231c. Community Intervention Research Methods
Dr. G. Sorensen, Dr. J. Allen
2.5 credits
Lectures. Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

This course is designed to provide students skills in intervention research design and methodology. The course will review phases of research for community studies; applying theoretical models to intervention and evaluation design; linking study design to intervention planning; community linkages to intervention research planning and implementation; community-originated research and participatory research methods; qualitative/formative research; evaluation design issues for intervention research; measurement of outcomes. Students will also develop skills in critiquing community intervention studies.
Course Activities: Assigned readings, class participation, term paper.
Course Note: Graduate course in program design or program planning required (e.g. HSB227cd, HSB202a, or MCM215cd); enrollment limited to 20 students; signature of instructor required.

HSB 233ab. HSB Department Proseminar
Dr. R. Rudd, Dr. B. Kennedy
2.5 credits
Seminar. One 2- hour session each week for the ab period.

The course focuses on the research and projects of the facult in HSB. Readings and presentations offer an overview of assumptions, theories, and methods. Presentations will focus on case examples of programs designed to address health and social behavioral issues. Student groups will be responsible for structuring discussion for a particular session and all participants will submit reflection papers.
Course Activities: Assigned readings, participation in class discussion, reading portfolio, report.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to HSB students, signature of instructor required, ordinal grading option only.

HSB 235c. Social Epidemiology
Dr. L. Berkman
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

The course will focus on understanding the social determinants of health. Readings and discussion center on understanding the theories, measurement and empirical evidence related to specific social conditions and experiences such as socioeconomic position, discrimination, social networks and support, work conditions, ecological level neighborhood and community social conditions, and social and economic policies. Biological and psychological mechanisms by which social conditions influence health will be discussed. The course builds on a basic understanding of society and health and of epidemiology. Students will be required to present in class and evaluate methods and measures.
Course Activities: Assigned readings; class presentations and discussions; term paper.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 20 students; HSB 201a, EPI200a (or EPI201a), EPI202b and HSB215ab required.

HSB 240ab. Social and Behavioral Research Methods, Part I
Dr. S. Gortmaker
5 credits
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides a broad overview of social and behavioral research methodology, including experimental, quasi-experimental and non-experimental research design, measurement, sampling, data collection, and testing causal theories. By case studies, methodological readings, discussion, written assignments, and data analytic homework students learn to conduct social and behavioral research and more applied program evaluations. Homework includes analytic work with observational and experimental studies and development of new measures.
Course Activities: Assigned readings, class participation, homework, reflections, two papers.
Course Note: BIO 210cd, BIO 211cd or BIO 213ab or equivalent required; enrollment limited to 20; a multivariate statistics course strongly recommended; course primarily for doctoral students.

HSB 241cd. Social and Behavioral Research Methods, Part II
Dr. S. Cole (P), Dr. L. Berkman (S)
5 credits
Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is divided into two sections. The "c" period is designed to integrate methods training by providing students an opportunity to manage and analyze data in the 搑eal world.?Using data drawn from several sources, students will employ basic data management strategies and multivariate analytic techniques used commonly in research. Topics covered include data management and preparation, scale construction, working with complex sampling designs, and multivariate modeling using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. This course will be a seminar and will emphasize hands-on participation, and group problem solving. During the "d" period students will develop a research protocol following an NIH format. Major attention is given to developing research hypotheses, proposing precise methods including describing the sample, measures, study design, and analytic techniques. Field methods, budgets and budget justifications will be written. Each proposal will then be reviewed by a group of expert faculty following the format of an NIH site visit.
Course Activities: Data management and analysis projects, research protocol preparation and class participation including presentations.
Course Note: HSB 240ab required; previously offered HSB 230cd fulfills prerequisite; minimum enrollment of 5 students required; course primarily for doctoral students

HSB 250c. Inequality and Health
Dr. I. Kawachi, Dr. B. Kennedy
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour session each week.

Socioeconomic inequalities in health are large, widespread and persistent. The aims of this course are: to review the major theories of social stratification - from economic, political, and sociologic perspectives; to examine the epidemiologic evidence on social class, gender, and racial disparities in health and illness; and to develop an inter-disciplinary approach to analyze the problem of inequality.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required; preference given to doctoral students.

HSB 269ab. Doctoral Seminar on Health and Social Behavior
Dr. S. Gortmaker
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 1-hour session each week.

Overview of the major research questions pursued by doctoral students in health and social behavior. Requirement for all 1st year HSB doctoral students.
Course Activities: Doctoral student participants lead seminars, discussing their research ideas and plans, including their theoretical perspective.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; signature of instructor required indicating suitable background if student is not a doctoral student in the Department of Health and Social Behavior.

HSB 270cd. Doctoral Seminar on Health and Social Behavior
Dr. S. Gortmaker
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 1-hour session each week.

Overview of the major questions pursued by doctoral students in health and social behavior. Requirement for all 1st year HSB doctoral students.
Course Activities: Doctoral student participants lead seminars, discussing their research ideas and plans, including their theoretical perspective.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; signature of instructor required indicating suitable background if student is not a doctoral student in the Department of Health and Social Behavior.

HSB 292c. Policy Analysis Methods for Public Health
Dr. D. Acevedo-Garcia
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is targeted towards students who plan to work in policy roles upon graduation. The goal of the course is to build the skills necessary to critically interpret the results and recommendations of health research that examine policy questions or have policy implications. The course will focus on providing an introduction to the following policy analysis methods: decision analysis, economic analysis (e.g. cost-benefit), application of statistical approaches (e.g. regression analysis) to policy questions, and application of qualitative approaches (e.g. case studies) to policy questions. The course will also offer a brief introduction to policy advocacy methods. Assignments will include critical reviews of the methods and policy recommendations of various research papers and policy reports with a focus on identifying methodological problems and unsound policy recommendations. Examples will be drawn from research on the health effects of social policies (e.g. housing) and public health policies (e.g. tobacco control, alcohol use regulations).
Course Activities: Assigned reading, class participation.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 30 students; signature of instructor required.

HSB293d. Place, Migration and Health
Dr. D. Acevedo-Garcia
2.5 credits
Lecture, seminars. Two 2-hour session each week.

This course will examine the health effects of US policies that influence where people live (e.g. housing, and residential desegregation policies), and how they move from one place to another (e.g. transportation, immigration and immigrant policies). The course will cover both the substantive aspects of the relevant policies and the empirical evidence on the health effects of those policies.

Course Activities: Assigned readings, class participation, two short papers.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required.

HSB 295d. Health and Social Policy Doctoral Seminar
Dr. J. Heymann
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

For social research to more positively affect people's lives, researchers need to better understand how research gets translated into action. The goal of this course is to help doctoral students wrestle with how the design and implementation of their own research influences its utility. This seminar will examine successes and failures in the translation of research to programs and policy and apply these lessons to students' own research.

Students will be assigned readings on the translation of research into policies and programs. Each student will work on their own research projects, which they will present to the class.

Course Activities: Assigned readings, individual research project presentations, class participation, paper.
Course note: Enrollment limited to 25 students; Instructor's signature required; course best taken after doctoral exams.

HSB 300a,b,c,d,e,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

HSB 301a,b,c,d,e,s. Tutorial
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

Course Note: Completed study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

HSB 350a,b,c,d,e,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

HSB 400 a,b,c,d,e,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

ID 201cd. Biology, Epidemiology, Economics, and Policy (BEEP): Malaria (Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases)
Dr. A. Spielman
5.0 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 3.5-hour session each week.

This course is designed to bring a multidisciplinary approach to a major public health problem in international health. Within the context of the biology and epidemiology of malaria, students are introduced to strategies for vector control, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and vaccines from the point of view of social, political, and economic policy. Impacts of programs are evaluated from an international and local perspective, using techniques from both the social and biomedical sciences.
Course Note: Signature of instructor required.

ID 240c. Principles of Injury Control (Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. D. Hemenway
2.5 credits
Seminar. One 3-hour sessions each week.

This course provides an introduction to a serious public health problem - intentional and unintentional injury - and provides a framework for examining control options. Specific categories of injuries, such as motor vehicle crashes and violence, and specific risk factors for serious injury such as alcohol and firearms, are examined in detail.

ID 250a. Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health (Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. M. Roberts
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides students with a broad overview of some of the main philosophical and moral ideas that are used as a basis for resolving debates of public health policy. Helps students develop their own capacities to analyze, criticize, evaluate, and construct policy-oriented arguments.
Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH Program or the Department of Health Policy and Management; students must register for appropriate section.

ID 250b. Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health (Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Population and International Health)
Dr. M. Reich
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides students with a broad overview of some of the main philosophical and moral ideas that are used as a basis for resolving debates of public health policy. Helps students develop their own capacities to analyze, criticize, evaluate, and construct policy-oriented arguments.
Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH Program or the Department of Health Policy and Management; students must register for appropriate section.

ID 251s. Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health: Health Care Delivery(Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. T. Brennan
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course emphasizes American health care policy and modern medical ethics in its exploration of the political theory of medical care and is intended to provide physicians and public health professionals with an understanding of the manner in which political economy and ethics interact in health care policy decisions.

ID 251t. Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health: Health Care Delivery (Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. T. Brennan
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.

This course emphasizes American health care policy and modern medical ethics in its exploration of the political theory of medical care. It is intended to provide physicians and public health professionals with an understanding of the manner in which political economy and ethics interact in health care policy decisions.

ID 261cd. Practice of Health Care Management (Department of Health Policy and Management)
Section 01- Dr. J. Kasten
Section 02- Dr. J. McDonough
5 credits
Seminars, field studies. One 2-hour session each week and four hours of field work each week.

One section explores the managerial skills required of public health professionals in any setting - leadership negotiations, interdisciplinary teams, and communication. The alternative section focuses on the policy process from a political perspective, identifying key shareholders, political processes, government structure, and the role of conflict resolution in the formation of health policy. Fieldwork provides practical experience in health care management or health policy development.
Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH concentration in Health Care Management or signature of instructor required.

ID 262a. Introduction to the Practice of International Health (Department of Population and International Health)
Dr. R. Cash
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

How is international health defined? What are its historical roots and modern manifestations? Which are the major contemporary issues and debates on policies and practices? These questions are addressed in this introductory course that defines the scope of the field, highlights contemporary issues, and reviews selective case studies of international health policies and practices. The course begins with an examination of world health and development and the rapid health transitions taking place around the world. Key contemporary issues are critically examined - disease control, primary health care, child survival, essential drugs, health policy, and the evolving roles of international and non-governmental organizations. Interspersed throughout are several case studies of challenges facing the modern practice of international health.
Course Note: This introductory course complements PIH 200a and prepares the student for other international health offerings, including PIH 244b and PIH 251d.

ID 263cd. Practice of Occupational Health (Department of Environmental Health)
Dr. T. Smith, Dr. R. Herrick
5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Focuses on the assessment of workplace hazards, the physiology and biomechanical aspects of work, and a practical problem-solving approach to health problems in various work settings. Emphasizes the relationship between working conditions and health, with special reference to the recognition, measurement, and control of occupational hazards.
Course Activities: Oral and written projects, class discussions, walk-through field trips to local industries (field trips may take up to four hours).
Course Note: EH 262ab recommended; signature of instructor required; no auditors.

ID 264bcd. Practice of Family and Community Health (Department of Maternal and Child Health)
Dr. I. Aitken, Ms. J. Kurland
3.75 credits issued at end of "d" period.
Seminars, field studies. Weekly seminars in "b" period. Eight hours field study each week in the "cd" period.

Addresses the professional training needs of MPH students who plan to pursue leadership positions in the public sector or in community health. Students, in small groups, undertake fieldwork in public or community health agencies. They apply managerial and analytic techniques developed in the concentration to the solution of problems confronting these agencies. Student groups meet with advisers from HSPH and their host agency throughout the field placement. Seminars explore the practice of public and community health through case studies and readings.
Course Activities: Field work, written and oral project report.
Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH concentration in Family and Community Health or signature of instructor required. HPC506a also required.

ID 265c. Practice of Quantitative Methods (MPH Program)
Dr. M. Testa, Dr. R. Monson
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Explores practical and conceptual issues in the design, conduct, analysis and evaluation of human studies through the discussion of current research and methodologies. Students design studies to address important health problems. Class discussion and group projects are emphasized.
Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH concentration in Quantitative Methods or signature of instructor required.

ID 267ab. Infectious Disease Epidemiology (Department of Epidemiology)
Dr. J. Maguire, M. Lipsitch, G. Seage
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour seminar each week.

Seminars consist of presentations of student and faculty research in progress and discussion of recent publications in the field of infectious disease epidemiology. The emphasis is on conceptual issues related to the epidemiology of infectious diseases.
Course Activities: Individual student papers and presentations, student and faculty critiques.
Course Note: Must be taken for credit by students in the Program on the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease. Signature of instructor required. This course in intended for doctoral students currently involved in thesis work and for others with active research projects.

ID 268cd. Infectious Disease Epidemiology II (Departments of Epidemiology and Immunology and Infectious Disease)
Dr. J. Maguire, M. Lipsitch, G. Seage
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour seminar each week.

Seminars consist of presentations of epidemiologic aspects of work in progress on infectious disease research by guest speakers and students, with discussion by students and faculty. Preparatory work for presentations by students is done under tutorial arrangements with members of the faculty. The emphasis is on conceptual issues related to the epidemiology of infectious diseases.
Course Activities: Individual student papers and presentations, student and faculty critiques.
Course Note: Must be taken for credit by students in the Program on the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease. Signature of instructor required. This course in intended for doctoral students currently involved in thesis work and for others with active research projects.

ID 270t. Summer MPH Practicum and Culminating Experience- Summer Only
Dr. E. Cook, Dr. M. Testa
5 credits
Seminars. Five 1- to 2-hour sessions each week.

Summer-Only Master of Public Health Program students develop an off-site practicum at their home institution under the supervision of a local mentor and a member of the faculty at HSPH. This practicum may include aspects of epidemiology, biostatistics, decision sciences, or other quantitative aspects of public health. Students should apply the competencies learned in core courses to an actual investigation. Following the first summer course work, students must submit a written proposal for the practicum along with a letter of support from an investigator from the student's home site, indicating an agreement to act as the local mentor for the project. This proposal is reviewed and an HSPH faculty supervisor is identified. Students ordinarily would write a paper suitable for publication, a grant proposal or a technical report. This exercise will culminate with a presentation in the final summer of the student's program.
Course Note: Students must attend the sessions of this course during the second and third summer and they are encouraged to attend their first summer. Regular contact between students and mentors and among students is expected via e-mail during the year to seek advice, provide activity updates and to discuss approaches to the solution of methodological issues.

ID 332f. Field Study: Public Health in Cuba
Dr. I. Aitken
1.25 credits

The focus of this course is a field visit to Cuba. In Cuba, we expect to visit institutions such as the Ministry of Public Health, the schools of medicine and public health, health research institutes, and AIDS sanatorium, and community health clinics. In depth discussions with individuals who set and implement health policy, infectious disease researchers, community doctors, and local community health workers are a significant part of this trip.

Course Activities: In order to prepare for the trip, students will attend seminars and review selected readings. Students will be expected to choose an area of focus and to write a paper to be presented in the post trip seminar.
Course Note: Enrollment limited. Signature of instructor required.

IMI 201a. Ecology, Epidemiology, and Control of Important Parasitic Diseases of Developing Areas
Dr. J. Maguire, Department Members, Guest Lecturers
3 credits
Lectures, seminars. Three 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides an introduction to ecological and epidemiological concepts basic to the control of infectious agents. Considers important parasitic diseases of particular significance in the developing areas of the world. Epidemiological principles of vector-associated diseases are elucidated through study of entities such as malaria and schistosomiasis.
Course Note: Background in biology required; knowledge of pathogenesis of infectious diseases desirable; signature of instructor required.

IMI 202c. Tuberculosis Areas
Dr. E. Nardell, Dr. E. Rubin
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2 -hour sessions each week.

This course provides an introduction to the immunobiology, aerobiology and molecular aspects of tuberculosis that underlie diagnostic and control strategies. It deals with innate and acquired resistance to infection with mycobacteria, the pathogenesis of tuberculous disease, and the impact of HIV/AIDS and drug resistance on tuberculosis control and prevention. Discusses control strategies based on BCG vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, chemotherapy and environmental modification.
Course Note: The course is intended for students interested in any aspect of the basic biology of tuberculosis. Some knowledge of immunology and molecular biology is desirable but not required; minimum enrollment of 6 students required; enrollment is limited to 20 students; signature of instructor required.

IMI 204c. Survey of Immunobiology
Dr. M. Grusby
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 1.5-hour session each week and one 1-hour DMS Weekly Immunology Seminar Series.

Examines the anatomy and physiology of the immune system, fate of antigen, cell trafficking, cellular interactions, and regulation of the immune response, and B and T cell recognition mechanisms. Principles of immunoregulation are discussed in the context of current literature.
Course Activities: Class participation, paper.
Course Note: Introductory course aimed toward students who do not have a background in the biological sciences.

IMI 206d. Principles of Public Health Entomology
Dr. A. Spielman
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, field trips, laboratories. One 3-hour session each week.

The manner in which arthropods transmit disease and the principles of vector control are discussed from ecological, physiological, and genetic points of view. Class and laboratory sessions introduce concepts and techniques currently employed against vector-borne disease. Weekend field trips provide an opportunity for students to apply skills acquired in the classroom.
Course Note: IMI 201a (formerly TPH 201a) or signature of instructor required.

IMI 208cd. Immunology of Infectious Diseases (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-216 and at HMS as BPH-724.0)
Dr. D. Harn, Department Members, Guest Lecturers
5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures, discussions. One 3-hour session each week.

Covers in detail the interactions of pathogens with the host immune system, from pathogen invasion to pathogenesis. Lecture topics include: the role of secretory immune system; innate immunity mediated through the 揷ollectins? how pathogens regulate the host immune response; pathogen evasion of immune effector mechanisms; polarization of CD4+ T helper cell subsets and relationship to disease outcome; co-infection with HIV and other pathogens; mechanisms of immunopathogenesis; and development of vaccines. Viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens are covered in the course.
Course Activities: Each lecture requires reading several relevant papers and completion of a problem set.
Course Note: Course in immunology required; enrollment limited to 35 students; signature of instructor required.

[IMI 211d.] Microbiology of Public Health
Dr. P. Kanki, Dr. J. Sankale, Dr. M. Essex,
2.5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures, case studies. Two 3-hour sessions each week.

This section covers basic principles of virus-host interactions at a population level. Selected viral pathogens are studied that exemplify the complexities of virus infection, host response, viral transmission and disease. Emphasis is placed on the public health perspective in approaching various aspects of viral infections. The laboratory component introduces techniques for surveillance and diagnosis of viral infections for epidemiological studies.
Course Note: Introductory biology course or equivalent required; minimum enrollment of 12 students required; enrollment limited to 18 students; ordinal grading option only.

IMI 300a,b,c,d. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

IMI 301 a,b,c,d Tutorial
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged

Course Note: Completed tutorial contract required at time of registration.

IMI 350a,b,c,d,s,t. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department. Inquiries about specific research opportunities should be addressed to the chair of the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

IMI 400 a,b,c,d,s,t. Non-Resident Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department. Inquiries about specific research opportunities should be addressed to the chair of the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

MCE 223c. Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders: Public Health Perspectives (Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Epidemiology)
Dr. S. Buka, Dr. D. Kindlon
1.25 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

Examines the occurrence and known risk factors of selected mental disorders of childhood and adolescence, including drug abuse, depression, conduct disorder, and suicide. Emphasizes the methodological issues of case definition, disorder classification, current diagnostic and screening instruments, and the advantages/disadvantages of available data sources. Readings include studies selected to illustrate methodological options and usefulness for public health research.

MCH 201abcd. Public Health Practice in Maternal and Child Health
Dr. I. Aitken
5 credits
Field studies, seminars.

The purpose of this course is to provide students the opportunity to apply research skills in a field situation; to gain knowledge and experience in conducting needs assessments, presenting data for policy decisions, evaluating programs; and, to gain experience in the organization and management of public health programs.
Course Note: No auditors; HSPH degree candidates only. Pass/Fail Only.

MCH 203c. Analysis of Secondary Data
Dr. M. Ganz
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course introduces students to methods of access to and analysis of the data sets that are relevant to and commonly used by MCH researchers. Students will learn about the problems associated with using secondary data and with the analytic methods needed to correctly test hypotheses with these data. The focus is on preparing students to perform and critique secondary data analyses. Students will complete short written and computer-based assignments and will complete a short term paper.
Course Note: A brief interview with Dr. Ganz and signature of instructor is required prior to first class. Class enrollment limited to maximum of 10 students.

MCH 204ab. Maternal and Child Health Issues, Programs and Policies
Dr. M. McCormick, Dr. M.J. Brown
5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Components of health care programs for mothers and children are discussed in the context of growth and maturational processes, historical and legislative background, and social, mental health, and educational policies. Health programs appropriate to prenatal, early and late childhood, adolescence, and youth are presented in terms of the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary action required to improve the health status of populations. Includes discussion of factors that shape current and future maternal and child health policies. Topics include infant mortality and low birthweight, maternal health and mortality, services for children with special health care needs, school health, child abuse, intentional and unintentional injury, and AIDS.
Course Activities: Group class presentations, cases and class discussion, written reports.

MCH 206a. Maternal and Child Health in Developing Countries
Dr. M. Farrell
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course focuses on selected methods and skills essential to assess, plan, design, implement, and evaluate proposals, projects and programs for women and children in developing countries. The course follows the actual processes international teams use to maximize the contribution of team members, interact with country counterparts, and ensure programming for this vulnerable population. Videos, in-country interviews and transcripts and other visual and auditory media are used to familiarize the student with the population under study.
Course Activities: Lectures, team work, use of country specific audio-visual materials, interaction with international experts, preparation of case presentation.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 15 students; no auditors.

MCH 208b. Adolescent Health (Cross-listed at HSE as H-325)
Dr. J. Kulig, Dr. B. Kennedy
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Adolescent health, risk behaviors, prevention and intervention programs will be examined in relation to adolescent physical, psychosocial, and cognitive development. Topics will include theories of behavioral change, access to health care, guidelines for preventive services, outcomes research, health policy, and alternative sites for care. Risk behaviors, including injury, violence, suicide, substance use and sexuality will be explored. Focus will be domestic, with examples of federal, state, and community-based adolescent health initiatives.
Course Activities: Case discussions, classroom role playing, writing memoranda.

MCH 209c. Services for Children with Disabilities
Dr. A. Crocker, Dr. D. Helm
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Looks at how service programs in the disability field are put together, supported, and evaluated. Uses outside guests from community programs for many sessions.
Course Activities: Each student visits an active program site and reports on management issues.
Course Note: An interest in children with special needs is expected: enrollment limited to 20 students; signature of instructor required.

MCH 211cd. Women, Health, and Development
Ms. N. Swenson
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

Activist focus promotes advocacy skills through written and oral testimony, surveying selected women and health issues globally. Includes gender analysis, human rights perspectives, and women's relationship to family, community, and societal health.
Course Activities: Discussion, guest lecturers, testimonies.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 15 students; signature of instructor required.

MCH 212ab. Developmental Disabilities, Part I: Evaluation, Assessment, Families & Systems
Dr. D. Helm, Dr. A. Crocker
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

The course focuses on issues facing professionals who work with people with developmental disabilities, their families, and the system whereby services are offered. Materials are organized with a developmental format in mind. Emphasis for first half of semester will be on understanding the professionals' role in diagnosing, evaluating, and assessing children who have developmental disabilities or who are at high risk of acquiring them. Specific discussions of families and services will highlight the second half of the semester.

MCH 213d. Childbirth: Health Policy and Epidemiology
Dr. B. Sachs, Dr. D. K. Richardson, Dr. E. Lieberman
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

Explores issues affecting childbirth services, including prenatal care, maternal health, pregnancy complications, obstetric technologies, personnel, access, financing and neonatal care. The course uses epidemiologic data to address perinatal health policy.
Course Note: Medical or nursing training, PIM 233b, or permission of the instructor required.

MCH 214cd. Developmental Disabilities, Part II: Values, Policy and Change
Dr. D. Helm, Dr. A. Crocker
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

The course focuses on the community, system and leadership components of developmental disabilities and focuses on the value placed on and enhancing the quality of life of individuals with disabilities. It draws from, but is independent of MCH 212ab. Course materials are presented by leading experts in the field who will provide the content for each session. Issues of systems change and policy implications are stressed while understanding disabilities from the person's and families' perspective is maintained.

MCH 220b. Society and its Effect on Child Health
Dr. J. Palfrey, Dr. R. Samuels
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 4-hour session each week.

This course is intended to provide an in-depth study of some of the ways society effects children's health in the United States. Issues covered include: the effects of poverty on health and public policy impact on chronic illness. Other areas covered will be determined by the students from the broad areas of ethnicity, violence, families, HIV and drug abuse. Students will narrow the focus of the broad topic to an area they are interested in presenting to the class.
Course Note: The course is intended for students of a broad range of disciplines interested in child health issues, who have not necessarily had extensive training in maternal and child health. Students should also be interested in learning about curriculum development and improving their ability to teach in small groups. Minimum enrollment of 8, maximum enrollment of 18, instructors signature required. No auditors.

MCH 222d. Social Services for Children, Adolescents and Families
Ms. L. Tieszen (P), Dr. E. Newberger, Dr. L. McCloskey (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour session each week.

Presents the crucial role of social services in maintaining and promoting the health of children and their families. Beginning with a historical overview of social services in the U.S., the course examines current political trends that structure the content and delivery of social services. The social and psychological determinants of the need for social services focus on events of public health relevance, including terminal illness in childhood, adoption/foster care, family violence, day care, and services for children with HIV infection.
Course Activities: Seminar discussion based on current policy, case discussions.

MCH 225a. Gender-based Violence: Origins and Remedies
Dr. L. McCloskey
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course will center on the cultural origins of gender-based violence and the public health implications and remedies. Topics will include relationship violence and state-supported policies of violence against women and gays. Cross-cultural work will figure prominently in the course readings.
Course Note: Enrollment is limited to 25 students. This course is open to graduate students only from departments and schools throughout the university.

MCH 232a. Physical Growth and Development, Part III - Advanced Seminar.
Dr. I. Valadian
2.5 credits
Seminars, lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course carries at more depth the stages of physical growth and development introduced in MCN 200b. Expands on maturation, its components, their assessment and underlying neurological, biological, and chemical changes. Discusses how the sequential unfolding of maturation promotes changes in health and nutrition services for individuals and populations of children.
Course Note: Prerequisite MCN 200b or equivalent knowledge.

MCH 233d. Public Health Genetics: Contemporary Issues and Challenges
Ms. R. Blatt
1.25 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

The commercialization of molecular genetic research raises numerous scientific, ethical, legal and social issues for which public health specialists must be prepared. This course will utilize case studies to focus on developments in molecular biology and genetic medicine and to explore their impact on biomedical research, health care delivery, and public health policy and regulation.
Course Activities: Students are expected to do all required readings and complete one class project.
Course Note: Enrollment is open to all HSPH students. No prior knowledge of genetics or molecular biology is required.

MCH290abcd. MCH Doctoral Seminar
Dr. E. Lieberman
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 1-hour session each week.

Weekly seminar on research topics in Maternal and Child Health. Required course for MCH doctoral degree students.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only

MCH 297ab. Leadership in Minority Health Policy
Dr. J. Reede, Dr. R. King
1.25 credits
Seminar. One 2-hour session every other week.

Students will engage with faculty members at Harvard as well as key minority health policy leaders from both the public and private sectors to develop leadership skills required for effective performance in the areas of public health practice and public policy. A major focus will be strategies for career development in the area of minority health policy.

Course Activities: Students will be required to submit papers describing how they would apply the learning from the seminar to enhance their own leadership abilities and career development.

Course Note: Enrollment limited to 15 students; enrollment requires interview with the assistant to Dr. Reede (164 Longwood Avenue); signature of instructor required.

MCH 298cd. Issues in Minority Health Policy
Dr. J. Reede, Dr. R. King
2.5 credits
Seminar. One 2-hour session each week.

This course explores public policy issues impacting the health status of minority and disadvantaged populations, with special emphasis on problem identification, policy analysis, and program planning. Participants will engage with faculty members at Harvard as well as key minority health policy leaders from both the public and private sectors to explore current and future policy affecting minority and disadvantaged populations.
Course Activities: Students will be required to submit papers, describing in what way they would apply the learning from the seminar to enhance their own leadership abilities and career development, and a final paper discussing a health policy issue or a topic impacting minority populations.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 15 students; enrollment requires interview with the assistant to Dr. Reede (164 Longwood Avenue); signature of instructor required.

MCH 300a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

MCH301 a,b,c,d, Tutorial
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

MCH 306abcd. Clinical Effectiveness Seminar
Dr. D. Goldmann, Dr. J. Perrin, Dr. J. Finkelstein, Dr. S. Muret- Wagstaff, Dr. T. Lieu
1.25 credits
Seminar. One 1.5-hour session each week.

This series of weekly seminars covers a broad spectrum of topics with content or methodologic relevance to research in child health services. The seminar series is coordinated by the Clinical Effectiveness Program at Children's Hospital together with The Division of General Pediatrics at Massachusetts General Hospital and The Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School. Speakers include faculty in and around the Harvard Medical Area as well as visiting speakers.
Course Note: Pass/Fail option only; signature of instructor required.

MCH 308d. Infant Assessment in the Context of Prenatal Exposures
Dr. E. Tronick
1.25 credits
Tutorial.

This tutorial focuses on observations of infant neurobehavioral assessment and several other assessments of older infants and children (e.g., attachment, mastery motivation, Bayley examination) in the laboratory. The student will observe Research Assistants carrying out these procedures, do reading on their own, and set aside time to discuss the observations. Times are flexible. Newborn observations occur almost every day at the Brigham and Women's and the other procedures occur many days of the week at our labs at 1295 Boylston. The student is responsible for arranging the observation times with Research Assistants.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; instructor's signature required.

MCH 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

[MCM 215cd]. Methods of Planning and Evaluating Public Health Programs (Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. S. Buka, Dr. M. McCormick
2.5 credits
Not to be given 2001-2002; offered alternate years.
Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

Presents concepts and methods for developing and evaluating programs and services for health and human service programs in developing or industrialized countries. Focuses on the development of knowledge and skills in needs assessment, program development, implementation and evaluation of public health programs.
Course Activities: Class discussion, development of a complete written program proposal, oral presentation of proposal for critical review.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 30 students; signature of instructor required.

MCN 200c. Physical Growth and Development, Part I (Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Nutrition)
Dr. K. Peterson
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides an introduction to the principles and assessment of physical growth, development and maturation that are the basis for monitoring the health of populations of children from conception through adolescence. Selection, measurement, and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of growth are discussed in detail. Public health implications of the study of growth and development are also considered, including reference growth curves, secular trends in obesity, maturation, and stature; and strategies for individual and population-based growth monitoring in the U.S. and in international settings.
Course Activities: Seminar participation.
Course Note: Knowledge of basic biology recommended.

[MCN 207ab.] Nutrition in Child Growth and Development (Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Nutrition)
Dr. Dwyer
Not to be given 2001-2002
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.

Examines principles and practical problems encountered in developing policies and programs involving nutritional issues, growth and development. Lectures on general principles or elements of nutrition provide background setting for policy and are designed to help students base their judgments on scientific evidence. Discussions involve case studies of recent relevant policy issues in industrialized and developing countries. Student papers, presentations and discussions focus on either policy or scientific issues of importance.
Course Activities: Lectures, video presentations, case studies, and discussion, student presentations.

MCS 210ab. Personality and Cognitive Development: Application to Public Health (Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Health and Social Behavior)
Dr. D. Kindlon
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Basic principles of child development are examined within a public health frame of reference. Emphasis is placed on the understanding of the theories of Bronfenbrenner, Skinner, Erickson and others, especially as they relate to understanding interventions for public health problems, including behavior problems and non-organic mental retardation.
Course Activities: Class discussion, class presentation, term paper.

NUE 207cd. Scientific Writing in Nutrition and Epidemiology

Dr. M. Stampfer

2.5 credits

Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This course is designed to improve writing skills for nutrition/epidemiology researchers. The course will cover such areas as organization of scientific papers, presentation of data in graphical and tabular forms, and style. The course is designed for advanced students who are beginning to work on a paper for publication.

Course Activities: After two initial meetings in the "c" period to discuss principles of scientific writing, show specific examples, and suggest readings, students will work on their papers independently, under the overall supervision of their own faculty advisors. In the "d" period, class sessions will be scheduled weekly. Each student will be assigned one primary and one secondary reviewer who will critique the paper in detail and lead the class discussion of the individual student's paper. The instructor will guide the discussion and use the paper to make additional points of constructive criticism, which will serve to illustrate the principles enunciated at the beginning of the class.

Course Note: Enrollment limited to 8 students; signature of instructor required.

NUE 216cd. Nutritional Epidemiology (Department of Nutrition and the Department of Epidemiology)
Dr. W. Willett, Dr. F. Hu
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Reviews methods for assessing the dietary intake of populations and individuals. Students gain experience in the actual collection, analysis and interpretation of dietary intake. The course also reviews several specific diet/disease relationships, integrating information from international studies, secular trends, clinical trials, analytical epidemiology, and animal experiments.
Course Note: BIO 200ab, BIO 201ab or BIO 200s and BIO 200t, and EPI 200a, EPI 200s, EPI 201a or EPI 208st required; familiarity with regression/ANOVA recommended; signature of instructor required for students who have not taken a course in nutrition.

NUT 201b. Principles of Nutrition
Dr. C. Lo, Department Members
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Overview of nutrition from epidemiologic, clinical, metabolic, and international perspectives, including nutritional assessment, malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders, relationships between nutrition and cancer and heart disease, and special topics of interest to students. No previous scientific background is required.

NUT 202cd. The Science of Human Nutrition (Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-222 and at HMS as BPH-733.0)
Dr. F. Sacks, Dr. Lo, Department Members
5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course reviews the biochemistry of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals in the context of human disease. Particular emphasis is given to current knowledge of the mechanisms that may explain the role of diet in the causation and/or prevention of ischemic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cancer. Recommended dietary intakes of selected nutrients will be discussed in order to understand their limitations.
Course Note: NUT 201b is strongly recommended; prior familiarity with nutrition and the health sciences expected, as well as a basic knowledge of biochemistry and human physiology.

NUT 203ab. Nutrition Seminars, Part I
Dr. W. Willett, Department Members
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 1-hour session each week.

There are two components to this course: a) Human Nutrition Seminars which are held on the second Monday of each month and focus in applied areas of Nutrition; and b) Nutritional Epidemiology which are held in conjunction with the Epidemiology Department. They consist of work-in-progress presentations or presentations by invited speakers. The general focus is on the development of methods and the analysis and interpretation of nutritional epidemiologic data. Generally taken by first year students. Attendance will be taken.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; HSPH degree candidates only.

NUT 204cd. Advanced Topics in Nutrition: Part I
Dr. Hotamisligil, Department Members
2.5 credits
Seminars. Two 1-hour sessions each week.

Students have an opportunity to review and analyze key papers that provide physiological and molecular evidence that bears on a topic of current interest in human nutrition and related disorders. Additionally, students learn skills necessary for critical thinking, and oral and written presentations.
Course Note: HSPH degree candidates only; signature of instructor required.

NUT 205ab. Advanced Topics in Nutrition: Part II
Dr. Campos
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two-1 hour sessions each week.

Students participate in and present seminars reviewing current research and publications related to nutrition in addition to attending advanced seminars presented by faculty and guest speakers. This course is an extension of NUT 204cd and intends to provide practical training in the communication skills for oral presentations. Students will be involved in seminar presentations of topics including both basic research and applied areas of human nutrition.
Course Note: NUT 204cd and signature of instructor required.

NUT 206cd. Nutrition Seminars, Part II
Dr. W. Willett , Department Members
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 1-hour session each week

Seminar series on current topics in nutrition, usually taken by second year doctoral students.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; HSPH degree candidates only.

NUT 210cd. Nutritional Problems of Less-Developed Countries
Dr. W. Fawzi
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Discusses the nutrition problems of less-developed countries. Reviews the epidemiological, biological and behavioral consequences of malnutrition. Emphasizes infectious disease and perinatal outcomes including issues relevant to the formulation of nutrition policy and programs.
Course Note: No auditors.

NUT 214ab,cd. Research Techniques in Nutritional Biochemistry
Dr. Wessling-Resnick, Members of the Program in Nutritional Biochemistry
5 credits for the "ab" semester; 5 credits for the "cd" semester
Laboratories. Fifteen hours minimum each week.

Students rotate through the laboratories (one each period) of faculty members in the Nutritional Biochemistry Program in order to learn current techniques applied to nutritional, cellular, and biochemical research. Students present oral and written reports on the research they have completed to the Nutrition faculty one rotation per quarter.
Course Note: Generally limited to Nutritional Biochemistry students in the Department of Nutrition; must register for course in each appropriate semester; signature of instructor required. Ordinal grading option only.

NUT 214ab,cd. Research Techniques in Nutritional Biochemistry
Dr. Wessling-Resnick, Members of the Program in Nutritional Biochemistry
5 credits for the "ab" semester; 5 credits for the "cd" semester
Laboratories. Fifteen hours minimum each week.

Students rotate through the laboratories (one each period) of faculty members in the Nutritional Biochemistry Program in order to learn current techniques applied to nutritional, cellular, and biochemical research. Students present oral and written reports on the research they have completed to the Nutrition faculty one rotation per quarter.
Course Note: Generally limited to Nutritional Biochemistry students in the Department of Nutrition; must register for course in each appropriate semester; signature of instructor required. Ordinal grading option only.

NUT 220d. Molecular Biology Laboratory Techniques
Dr. M. Wessling-Resnick
2.5 credits
Case studies. One-two 4-6-hour sessions each week.

Laboratory course designed to provide hands-on training in modern molecular research (PCR, RFLP analysis, DNA sequencing, interpretation of results). Fundamentals of laboratory procedures will be emphasized with technical background provided by short lectures preceding lab exercises.
Course Note: EPI 250c required; enrollment limited to 5 students; ordinal grading option only; no auditors; lab or section will be announced at first meeting; HSPH degree candidates only; permission of instructor required.

NUT 300a,b,c,d,e. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses. Independent study work can include laboratory studies, projects in applied nutrition, library research, or the following special topic listed under NUT 301.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

NUT 301ab, cd. Nutrition/Health Promotion in the Mass Media
Dr. L. Cheung (P), Dr. W. Willett (S)
2.5 credits

The role of the mass media and social marketing in the promotion and adoption of healthy eating practices; extent and quality of coverage in various mass media outlets; creating messages for mass media use; effectiveness of existing mass communication campaigns in nutrition.
Course Note: NUT 201b or equivalent required; background in behavioral sciences or education recommend; completed independent study contract required at time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

NUT302 a,b,c,d Tutorial
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

NUT 350a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department. Research topics that may be taken under the direction of the faculty are listed below.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

NUT 400a,b,c,d,s. Non-Resident Research
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department. Research topics that may be taken under the direction of the faculty are listed below.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PIH 200a. Population and Health
Dr. D. Bloom
2.5 credits
Lectures, discussion. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course shows how the population-based approach provides new insights into international public health issues, covers the health and mortality transitions in developed and developing countries, reviews the links between fertility, mortality and reproductive health, and provides a basic introduction to fertility and family planning programs.
Course Note: Departmental requirement.

PIH 203bc. Computer Methods for Demography and International Health
Mr. S. Atwood, Dr. U. Larsen
2.5 credits
Lectures, practicals and sessions in the Instructional Computing Facility.

This course will provide an introduction to a range of computer techniques for the design, collection, management and analysis of the kinds of data commonly encountered in population and health surveys in developing countries. Topics covered include advanced use of spreadsheets, unpacking DHS and similar files, joining and matching files of different lengths, review of EPI-INFO for questionnaire construction and data entry, reading data into SAS, data checking and manipulation, and the use of standard procedures. The sessions will provide students with the computer skills needed to complete the homework required for courses such as PIH 221c and PIH 222d (Analysis of Fertility and Mortality).
Course Activities: All sessions will involve individual practice with computer programs available in the Instructional Computing Facility. Students must complete the weekly assignments and a final exam.
Course Note: The course assumes prior familiarity with basic computer methods such as word processing and use of spreadsheets for calculation and drawing graphs; BIO 113b is strongly recommended; enrollment limited to 20 students; pass/fail option only. The course is a prerequisite for PIH 220b.

PIH 206 d. Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Research Seminar
Dr. J. Leaning
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

The course addresses critical aspects of complex humanitarian emergencies, which are assessed as acute threats to large populations trapped in war, civil conflict, and underlying poverty and deprivation. These crises are characterized by targeted attacks on civilians, mass population dislocations, widespread human rights abuses, and a high level of insecurity for responders. Topic areas, including assessment of root causes and precipitants, intervention experience, public health and medical operations, role of media and NGOs, human rights and humanitarian law issues, and psychosocial aspects, are covered through case study and review of the literature. Emphasis is placed on preparing public health practitioners and policy makers to participate in humanitarian prevention and response.
Course Activities: Requirements include readings from syllabus and short list of required texts as well as a final paper.

PIH 211b. Management Control in Health Organizations
Dr. M. Mitchell (P),
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed for students interested in learning about finance and management of health care in low and middled income countries. The focus will be on the development of knowledge and skills that are needed by managers of health care organizations in a variety of settings. It will cover a broad range of topics including cost analysis, budgeting and control, financial analysis, revenue generation, and performance monitoring. While some theory will be presented, this course will emphasize practical applications of the techniques discussed through the use of the case study method. Although no prior education in financial or managerial accounting is required to take this course, students without any prior training will be expected to do extra work to learn the basics of financial accounting.
Course Note: Students who have or are taking HPM219a or HPM220b may not take this course for credit.

PIH214d. Health, Human Rights and the International System
Dr. S. Marks
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

This course is designed to provide an overview of the nature and role of international norms, processes and institutions with respect to health and human rights issues. Focus will be on the responses of the international political and legal order to some of the pressing issues of health and human rights. Focus will be on the principal multilateral agencies and programs. Among the specific issues to be examined are: trade; intellectual property and drug pricing in Africa; refugee status of girls threatened with FGC (female genital cutting); forced sterilization and human rights procedures in Latin America; use of nuclear weapons before the World Court; health of child workers under the European Social Charter. We will use simulations of actual cases. The ultimate aim of the course is to prepare students to understand and interact with the international system to advance the health and human rights objectives, whether through governmental, intergovernmental or nongovernmental processes.
Course Note: Students considering taking this course are strongly encouraged, but not required, to first take PIH 218a "Health and Human Rights".

Course Note: Students considering taking this course are strongly encouraged, but not required, to first take PIH 218b "Health and Human Rights".

PIH 218a. Health and Human Rights: Concepts and Methods for Public Health Dr. S. Gruskin
2.5 credits
Lecture, case study. One 3-hour session each week.

The course identifies and discusses the complex interactions between health and human rights, with particular emphasis on the implications of human rights for public health thinking and practice. The course provides the basis for literacy about modern human rights, including core principles, key documents, institutions and practices. Then, a framework for analysis of health/human rights interactions is developed and applied, including: effect of health policies and programs on human rights; health consequences of human rights violations; and the inextricable linkage between promoting and protecting health and promoting and protecting human rights. A variety of topics including reproductive health and HIV/AIDS are used to illustrate and explore practical applications of human rights in public health.

PIH 219b. Development and Human Rights (Cross-listed at KSG as PED-141M)
Dr. S. Marks
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars.

This course considers the impact of economic development on health and
human rights, and the problems achieving human rights in developing
societies. We will examine broad-ranging political-economic and social
issues that bear on the local application of internationally recognized
human rights. We will begin with an exploration of the underlying
concepts and strategies of both economic development and human rights,
after which we will consider international economic relations (trade,
investment, technical assistance) as they affect health and human rights. We will explore the social, economic, cultural, legal and political
processes by which development and human rights are affected in various
societies. Topics to be covered include the human right to development,
conditionality of foreign aid, corruption, housing, gender issues, and
ethnic conflict.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 40 students.

PIH 220b. Introduction to Demographic Methods
Dr. U. Larsen
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Presents the main demographic approaches to the study of population structure and dynamics, including data sources, age and sex composition, growth, fertility, nuptiality, mortality, and population forecasts and projections.
Course Note: PIH 203bc or equivalent required, concurrent enrollment permitted.

[PIH 221c.] Fertility Analysis
Dr. U. Larsen
2.5 credits
Not offered 2001-2002.
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

The course is an intermediate level class on the analysis of fertility and its proximate determinants. The students are introduced to the different data sources useful for estimating and interpreting levels and differentials of fertility. A number of the most used techniques in fertility analyses are presented. The emphasis is on understanding the underlying assumptions, applying the techniques and interpreting the results. Research design issues and frameworks for studying levels and variations in fertility are discussed, and specific empirical analyses are reviewed. This course is designed to be taken concurrently with PIH 203c.
Course Activities: Practical training will be given through homework exercises and a final take home exam.

PIH 222d. Mortality and Health Status in Developing Countries
Dr. A. Hill
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This intermediate level course introduces students to the problems of measuring the health status of populations with particular attention to devveloping countries. It provides a theoretical introduction to the problem of developing population-based measures that include both the effects of premature mortality as well as the effects of morbidity and disability. A section of the course is devoted to capturing the main dimensions of mortality levels and patterns for adults and children in countries without full vital registration. The new WHO life tables are contrasted with other mortality measures. The value of verbal autopsies for cause of death ascertainment is discussed. The remainder of the course deals with the problem of assessing the burden of disease attributable to illness and disability. A variety of approaches are presented including the DALE measures and quality-adjusted life years measures such as the DALY. This course provides the theoretical and practical skills for the student to understand the steps needed to undertake a national burden of disease study.
Course Activities: Students are required to undertake a series of short practical exercises that require use of spreadsheets and specialized programs provided in the computer laboratory. The final product is a complete analysis of one or more data sets for a selected country.



Course Activities: The principal products anticipated from this course are the completion of 6 short practical exercises and an oral and written presentation summarizing the materials and methods available for a national burden of disease study. Students may work in teams to produce this final report which will be presented and discussed by the class at the end of the course. There will be a separate session each week with the TA at a convenient time to help with technical and other matters.

PIH 241c. Health Planning in Developing Countries: Cost-Effective Analysis and Priority Setting Techniques
Dr. J. Sevilla, Dr. A. Mahal
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Through the use of lectures and problem sets, students will learn the applied skills needed for the economic evaluation of health projects, interventions and programs. Emphasis will be placed on cost-effectiveness and its use in sectoral resource allocation decisions including ethical underpinnings.
Course Activities: Students will gain experience using spreadsheets for calculations of costs and benefits.
Course Note: Some knowledge of economics or quantitative skills recommended.

PIH 244b. Health Sector Reform: A Worldwide Perspective
Dr. P. Berman
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course surveys the impact of the global movement to reform national health care systems on the lower and middle income countries. It introduces a framework for analyzing health care systems and designing strategies for system reform, including political dimensions, with specific references to developing countries. It then examines some of the major elements of reform strategies as they are being applied in these countries, including goal-setting, financing, benefits packages, the organization of health care and the role of the private health sector, governmental reform, regulation, and change in consumer behavior. Studies and case material from many different countries are used.

PIH 245ab. Population and Development Policies: A World of Contention (Cross-listed at KSG as PED-360)
Dr. G. Zeidenstein
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This seminar-course covers the development and implementation of population policies within the broader context of international development activities. It focuses on several broad sub-topics: the UN trail; theories and evidence; ethical considerations; environment; security; gender and sexuality; reproductive health and family planning programs; the shifting USA positions; resources; implementation; looking ahead.
Course Activities: Guest speakers will include practitioners, policymakers and researchers from the field. Students will be expected to master weekly reading materials, participate in class discussions, make a class presentation of work in progress, and submit a term paper on a topic agreed upon with the instructor. This seminar-course does not include quantitative applications.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 15 students, with preference given to students from SPH and KSG. Admission will be based on written statements of purpose (no longer than two double-spaced pages) submitted to the instructor at the first session. Signature of instructor required.

PIH 253b. Human Ecology
Dr. R. Levins
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides a broad overview of the human ecosystem as it emerges out of, but as different from, pre-human ecology. Topics are selected from biosphere processes, population interaction, agricultural systems, adaptation evolution and ecology of disease, ecological politics, and evolution. Also considers the role of knowledge and conscious planning as an aspect of human ecology and examines the approaches toward the solution of ecological problems.
Course Note: Basic knowledge of biology required.

PIH 257d. New and Resurgent Disease
Dr. R. Levins, Dr. T. Awerbuch and Guest Lecturers
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

The course will cover new and resurgent disease as a general problem of evolutionary ecology and social change. Topics may include environmental change and disease; population change (demographic and migration); organismic changes; vulnerability of individuals and populations; vectors, reservoirs and hosts; eco-social models; research and public health strategies.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only.

[PIH 258b.] The Frontiers of Knowledge in HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Research
Dr. S. Kapiga
2.5 credits
Not offered 2001-2002.
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will provide students with an opportunity to learn about the current state of knowledge and future directions in HIV/AIDS epidemiology, prevention, care and research. It will comprise separate lectures on scientific, technical, programmatic and policy aspects of the global response to HIV/AIDS. It will provide an analytical framework which, drawing from accumulated knowledge and experience, will help understand the manifestations and deep roots of the pandemic, illuminate currently pressing issues and suggest avenues for an improved response to HIV/AIDS. Instructors and guest lecturers include public health specialists, clinicians and researchers, social and behavioral scientists from Harvard University, other academic centers and HIV/AIDS programs.

PIH 261cd. Mathematical Models in Biology and Public Health
Dr. T. Awerbuch (P), Dr. R. Levins (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

This course examines mathematical models as a basis for analyzing biological and social phenomena relevant to public health. Applied topics include: spread and maintenance of infectious diseases such as AIDS, lyme disease and malaria; diffusion bioassays for determining toxicity and mutagenicity of drugs; screening for breast cancer; blood screening, enzyme kinetics; demographic modeling and population structures. Methodological topics include differential equations, probability, Leslie matrices, fitting models to data and computer simulation.

PIH 263e. Grant Writing for Funding of Research and Health Care Projects
Dr. K. Dumbaugh
1 credit
Lectures, seminars. Five 3-hour sessions for one week.

The objective of the course is to provide participants with: 1) the opportunity to prepare a fundable grant proposal for submission to a funding agency upon completion of the course; 2) a framework which enables participants to write realistic and fundable proposals for basic or applied research, or for projects which deliver services or care; and 3) the most relevant sources of information about organizations which fund such work.
Course Note: Enrollment is limited to 20 students; no auditors permitted; a mandatory organizational meeting will be held in early December; signature of instructor required.

PIH 265d. Ethical Issues in International Health
Dr. R. Cash
2.5 credits
Seminar. One 3-hour session each week.

This course is designed to expose students to the key ethical issues that may be encountered in the course of conducting international health research. Using case presentations and discussion-based class sessions, students will have the opportunity to begin developing their own tools for dealing with these important issues in an applied context.

PIH 267c. HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries: Epidemiology and National Responses
Dr. S. Kapiga
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed to provide a broad description of the distinct features of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries, and the evolution of national responses against HIV/AIDS in selected countries. The course will focus on sub-Saharan Africa, although relevant examples from other developing countries will be addressed during the presentations and discussions. At the beginning of the course, an overview of the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic will be presented and followed by a discussion of the methods used to derive regional HIV/AIDS estimates. Later, factors contributing to the expansion of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa will be examined, and strategies that could be used to reduce further spread of the epidemic will be discussed. Subsequent sessions will focus on the evolution of national responses against HIV/AIDS epidemic in selected countries. In each country, the main features of the national HIV/AIDS control program will be described, and the key strategies adopted in reducing further spread of the HIV epidemic will be presented and discussed.
Course Activities: Case studies from selected countries where HIV/AIDS interventions have worked will be presented and discussed to assess the possibility of replicating programs from countries where HIV/AIDS interventions have been successful. A combination of formal lectures, case studies and student presentations will be used.

PIH 299cd. Master's Thesis
Department Members
5 credits

Student must produce a written thesis in accordance with the thesis guidelines developed by the department.

PIH 300a,b,c,d,s. Independent Study
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH301 a,b,c,d Tutorial
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

PIH321d War and Public Health
Dr. R. Cash
Offered 2001 only
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 2.5 hour session each week.

The War and Public Health seminar will examine the impact that war and other kinds of large scale conflicts have on the health of populations who find themselves caught in the war zone. Guest lecturers from within and outside the Harvard community will meet with students on Thursday evenings to discuss various aspects of war and how it affects vulnerable populations. Subjects to be discussed include the Laws of War, the epidemiology of war, the effect of embargoes and sanctions, refugee populations, psychological complications of such conflicts, mines, the unique effect of war on women and children, the economics of war, setting up medical treatment facilities in war zones, and other pertinent topics.
Course Note: Pass/fail grading option only.

PIH324d. Geographical Information Systems and Helath Planning in Developing Countries
Dr. D. Hozumi (P), Dr. M. Reich (S)
1.25 credits
Seminar. One 2-hour session each week.

With recent progress in computer technology and Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the use of geographical information in public health research in developing countries became more accessible. The course will provide an introduction to GIS and its applications to health planning in developing countries. Topics covered include fundamentals of GIS, construction of GIS database, Internet resources of geographical data, use of GIS software, and examples from actual applications of GIS in health research in developing countries. The course will invite guest lecturers who have been using GIS in health research; topic currently proposed include analysis of DHS data with GIS, health service location planning, and GIS and Epidemiology of non-infectious diseases/ vector borne diseases. Practical sessions will provide step-by-step instructions on use of GIS applications and individual practices. The course will mainly use ArcView version 3.2 but other applications will also be included. Most of geographical data for the sessions will be drawn from a Malawi Health Study project.
Course Activities: Students must complete weekly assignments and one group presentation. Research funds can be made available for successfully completed students to conduct a summer research.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 12 students. The course assumes prior familiarity with basic computer skills such as word processing and use of spreadsheets but does not require knowledge of GIS or geography. Please send your indication of interest to Dairiku@msn.com.

PIH 350-356a,b,c,d,s. Research
Department Members, Members of the Center of Population and Development Studies
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PIH 353a,b,c,d,s. Population Ethics
Dr. A. Dyck

PIH 355b. Approaches to Complexity Emphasizing Qualitative Mathematics Applied to Public Health and Ecological Systems.
Dr. R. Levins

The main objective is to develop an intuitive grasp of the dynamics of complex systems.

PIH 356a,b,c,d,s. Biostatistics for International Health
Dr. G. Wyshak

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PIH 400 a,b,c,d,s. Non-Resident Research
Department Members, Members of the Center of Population and Development Studies
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PII 250b. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases of Public Health Importance in Developing Countries (Department of Population and International Health and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases)
Dr. R. Cash
3.0 credits
Lectures, case studies. Three 2-hour sessions each week.

This course thoroughly reviews the epidemiology of infectious diseases of public health importance in developing countries. Emphasizes epidemiologic patterns of bacterial and viral diseases as they relate to different geographic and socioeconomic environments. Stresses methods of disease surveillance, especially with regard to prevention and control.
Course Activities: Case studies are extensively used with student teams proposing solutions to the problems.
Course Note: Ordinal grading option only.

PIM 233b. Biological and Clinical Foundations of Reproductive Health (Department of Population and International Health and Department of Maternal and Child Health)
Dr. I. Aitken
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course provides an introduction to the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction, and covers the essential clinical features of common complications of pregnancy and childbirth, and reproductive tract infections. It also includes discussion of the modes of action of the different types of contraceptives and clinical procedures for abortion. The course is designed to prepare students with no clinical background for subsequent course work in reproductive health and is a prerequisite for PIM 234d and PIM 238c.

PIM 238c. Family Planning and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Developing Countries (Department of Population and International Health and Maternal and Child Health)
Dr. Aitken, Dr. Kapiga.
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, and case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will examine the biological, epidemiological, social and organizational bases of programs for family planning and the control of sexually transmitted infections. It will consider the scope for and the implications of integration of these programs as mandated by the Cairo Programme of Action. It will also explore the effects and implications of different aspects of health sector reform on policy-making and program management.
Course Note: PIM 233b or equivalent background in reproductive physiology and clinical sciences or signature of instructor required.

PIP 240d. Political Economy of International Health Policy (Department of Population and International Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management)
Dr. M. Reich
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Examines issues of health and development in the context of international politics and economics. Explores how relations between developed and developing countries affect the formulation and implementation of health policy and the impact of development policy on health. Students are introduced to two contrasting perspectives on health and development: modernization theory and dependency theory, with attention to the roles of states, markets, non-governmental organizations and international institutions.
Course Activities: Case studies are used to illustrate constraints and opportunities for influencing health and development policies.

PSB 205c.Diaster Management (formerly HSB 217cd)
Dr. J. Leaning
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

Designed for physicians or public health officers who may be charged with responsibility for on-the-scene, immediate acute intervention during disasters. The focus will be on decision-making under stress, examining U.S. and international case studies within the theoretical framework of disaster planning, response, and assessment.
Course Activities: Requirements include readings from syllabus and short list of required tests as well as a final paper.

WGH 200c. Women, Gender and Health (Departments of Health and Social Behavior, Population and International Health, Maternal and Child Health and Epidemiology)

Dr. N. Krieger, Dr. S. Gruskin

2.5 credits

Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

This course will focus on constructions of gender and sex and their implications for understanding determinants of population health and creating healthy public policy. It will consider how different frameworks of addressing gender and biological sex shape questions asked and explanations and interventions offered for societal patterns of health, disease, and well-being. The course will demonstrate ways of conceptualizing gender in relation to biology and health using case examples pertaining to breast cancer, smoking, cumulative trauma disorders of hands and wrists, HIV/AIDS, violence, access to health services, sexual health, reproductive health, and population policy. In all these cases, issues of gender will be related to other social determinants of health, including social class, racism, and other forms of inequality. Implications of diverse approaches will be debated, as part of developing useful strategies for improving physical, mental, and social well-being.

Course Note: Enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required; no auditors.

This page is maintained by the HSPH Registrar's Office.
If you have questions, comments or suggestions,
please contact us at: registra@hsph.harvard.edu
Copyright,2000, President and Fellows of Harvard College