每日一文(July 2001)
Jul 31,2001 In silico veritas: Data-mining and automated discovery- the truth is in there
Just as computers are transforming the way we communicate and store information, they are changing the way we discover things worth communicating. In the future, automated discovery will generate new knowledge, take over the process of doing science itself, and tell us what it is that we need to know and understand.
Jul 30,2001 Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions
Opportunities and Challenges:A Focus on Future Stem Cell Applications

Stem cells — what lies ahead? The following chapters explore some of the cutting edge research featuring stem cells. Disease and disorders with no therapies or at best, partially effective ones, are the lure of the pursuit of stem cell research. Described here are examples of significant progress that is a prologue to an era of medical discovery of cell-based therapies that will one day restore function to those whose lives are now challenged every day — but perhaps in the future, no longer.

Jul 29,2001 Mutations in apoptosis genes: a pathogenetic factor for human disease
Cell death by apoptosis is exerted by the coordination action of many different gene products. Mutations in some of them, acting at different levels in the apoptosis process, have been identified as cause or contributing factor for human disease. This article reviews the current knowledge on mutations of apoptosis genes involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases and summarises the gradual transformation of discoveries in apoptosis research into benefits for the clinical management of diseases.
Jul 28,2001 The Ras-Raf Relationship: An Unfinished Puzzle
The Raf serine/threonine kinase, originally identified as an onco-protein, is a key element in cell fate determination. The function of the Ras GTPase is closely related to Raf and the Raf kinase was in fact the first effector element identified for Ras. Here we summarize the recent progress of Raf research and discuss these results in respect to the increasing knowledge of the regulation mechanisms of related GTPase/effector interaction.
Jul 27,2001 T cells and tumours
The immune system's response to new tumours is complicated but seems to depend on where and when tumours develop. This will have to be much better understood to enlist a patient's immune defences in fighting cancer.
Jul 26,2001 New technologies in nucleic acid detection and screening
The second annual IBC 'Nucleic Acid Detection and Screening Technologies' conference featured 16 scheduled presentations in the categories of detection enhancement, applications, and DNA and protein arrays.
Jul 25,2001 NEW DNA SEQUENCING METHODS
The Human Genome Project and other major genomic sequencing projects have pushed the development of sequencing technology. In the past six years alone, instrument throughput has increased 15-fold. New technologies are now on the horizon that could yield massive increases in our capacity for de novo DNA sequencing. This review presents a summary of state-of-the-art technologies for genomic sequencing and describes technologies that may be candidates for the next generation of DNA sequencing instruments.
Jul 24,2001

Molecular basis of pituitary dysfunction in mouse and human

The pituitary gland functions as an intermediary between the brain and the peripheral endocrine organs of the body. Studies in both mouse and human reveal that control of signaling events and homeobox gene expression is essential for proper pituitary gland development. Deregulation of these events can lead to various forms of pituitary gland dysfunction, including hypopituitarism and adenomas.
Jul 23,2001 Immunity, hormones, and the brain
Observations that the emotions affect somatic health and vice versa are as old as human medicine. In the present paper, we will review molecular mechanisms of the brain–immune system axis, comment on the emerging clinical relevance of these results, and propose future directions of research.
Jul 22,2001 Crosstalk and specificity in signalling Are we crosstalking ourselves into general confusion
The numerous examples of "crosstalk" 
between signal transduction pathways reported seem to imply a common 
response of cells to different stimuli, even when these stimuli act 
initially on different cascades. This contradicts our knowledge of the 
specificity of action of extracellular signals in different cell types. 
This discrepancy is explained by the restricted occurrence of crosstalks 
in any cell type and by several categories of cell specificity 
mechanism.
Jul 21,2001 Control Motifs for Intracellular Regulatory Networks
A number of  technological innovations are yielding unprecedented data on the networks of biochemical, genetic and biophysical reactions. If it proves possible to modularize these networks into functional subnetworks, then these smaller networks may be amenable to direct analysis and might serve as regulatory motifs, which may help to deduce the structure and function of partially known networks and form the basis for fulfilling the goals we need.
Jul 20,2001 Central Nervous System Regeneration:Mission Impossible
The adult mammalian central nervous system(CNS) does not regenerate following injury or insult,this long-established view is acknowledged by all.This brief review outlines obstacles to successful 'regeneration' are addressed and putative strategies for recovery are described.
Jul 19,2001 GENOME ANNOTATION: FROM SEQUENCE TO BIOLOGY
Genome annotation itself is a multi-step process, falling more  or less neatly into three categories: nucleotide-level, protein-level and process-level annotation. This review surveys the various ways that genome annotation is carried out, the techniques used and the diverse sociological models that have been adopted to organize the annotators.
Jul 18,2001 Base excision repair in a network of defence and tolerance
In this commentary we will address functional aspects of BER ( base excision repair) and different complementary functions in the light of recent discoveries with regard to mutations, cancer, evolution and aging.
Jul 17,2001 Regulation of CLOCK and MOP4 by Nuclear Hormone Receptors in the Vasculature
Circadian clock genes are expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in peripheral tissues to regulate cyclically physiological processes. We report a hormone-dependent interaction of the nuclear receptors, RARα and RXRα, with CLOCK and MOP4, these interactions negatively regulate them.
Jul 16,2001 The Evolving Concept of a Stem Cell: Entity or Function?
Stem cells have long been regarded as undifferentiated cells capable of proliferation, self-renewal, production a large number of differentiated progeny, and regeneration of tissues.
Jul 15,2001 Visualization of biochemical networks in living cells
Functional annotation of novel genes can be achieved by detection of interactions of their encoded proteins with known proteins followed by assays to validate that the gene participates in a specific cellular function.
Jul 14,2001 THE FUNCTION AND SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMES
Structural analyses of the large and small ribosomal subunits have allowed us to think about how they work in more detail than ever before. The mechanisms that underlie ribosomal synthesis, translocation and catalysis are now being unravelled, with practical implications for the design of antibiotics.
Jul 13,2001 Replication-selective virotherapy for cancer: Biological principles, risk management and future directions
In the search for novel cancer therapies that can be used in conjunction with existing treatments, one promising area of research is the use of viral vectors and whole viruses. This review describes the underlying biological principles and current status of the field, outlines approaches for improving clinical effectiveness and discusses the unique safety and regulatory issues surrounding viral therapies.
Jul 12,2001 Current Topics in RNA-Protein Recognition: Control of Specificity and Biological Function through Induced Fit and Conformational Capture
The protein, the RNA, and sometimes both undergo large conformational changes, and minor populated species are captured during complex formation, leading to large changes in the local as well as macroscopic properties of the interacting components.
Jul 11,2001 EVOLVING RESPONSIVELY: ADAPTIVE MUTATION
A basic principle of genetics is that the likelihood that a particular mutation occurs is independent of its phenotypic consequences. The concept of adaptive mutation seemed to challenge this principle with the discoveries of mutations stimulated by stress, some of which allow adaptation to the stress.
Jul 10,2001 A three-item scale for the early prediction of stroke recovery
Accurate assessment of prognosis in the first hours of stroke is desirable for best patient management. We aimed to assess whether the extent of ischaemic brain injury on magnetic reasonance diffusion-weighted imaging (MR DWI) could provide additional prognostic information to clinical factors.
Jul 9,2001 RNA Interference and Small Interfering RNAs
The term aRNA interferenceo (RNAi) was coined after the ground-breaking discovery that injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans leads to specific silencing of genes highly homologous in sequence to the delivered dsRNA. 
Jul 8,2001 INNOVATIONS IN TREATMENT FOR DRUG ABUSE: Solutions to a Public Health Problem
Illicit drug use is an important public health problem with broad social costs. The low effectiveness of prevention efforts leaves treatment of drug dependence as one of the most powerful means of fighting illicit drug use.
Jul 7,2001 XLP: One Gene, Many Players
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare genetic disorder in which patients develop severe immune dysfunction and a fatal lymphoproliferative syn-drome upon exposure to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).
Jul 6,2001 Neuroimmunophilins: Novel Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Targets
Cyclosporin A(CsA) and FK506(tacrolimus) are immunosuppresants that are widely used in organ transplantation. CsA is an 11-member cyclic peptide, whereas FK506 is a macrolide antibiotic.
Jul 5,2001 GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION
The cost of providing graduate medical education to the approxima-tely 100,000 medical residents in the United States is approximately $18 billion. The government, primarily through the Medicare program, funds almost two thirds of the cost.
Jul 4,2001 Phosphoproteomics
Pathology is continually being reinvented with the inception of new techniques and strategies for discriminating among disease subtypes and for making prognostic decisions.
Jul 3,2001 Multiple alignment of complete sequences (MACS) in the post-genomic era
Multiple alignment, since its introduction in the early seventies, has become a cornerstone of modern molecular biology. It has traditionally been used to deduce structure / function by homology, to detect conserved motifs and in phylogenetic studies.
Jul 2,2001 Pharmacology and Clinical Efficacy of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Angiotensin receptor blockers have proven highly effective in the man-agement of hypertension. This class is fairly heteroge-neous with individual class members having somewhat distinctive pharmacologic properties.
Jul 1,2001 RNA editing by base deamination: more enzymes, more targets, new mysteries
The posttranscriptional modification of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) by base deamination can profoundly alter the physiological function of the encoded proteins.

更新于2001-07-13