2003 诺贝尔医学生理学 及 化学奖


         瑞典时间10月6日和10月8日，瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院和瑞典皇家科学院分别宣布了本年度诺贝尔医学生理学奖和化学家的归属。美国化学家Paul C. Lauterbur和英国物理家Peter Mansfield 因为在核磁共振成像技术（Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI）领域的奠基性的成就，以及该技术在医学领域的广泛应用而一同分享了今年的生理学医学奖。而今年的化学奖则颁发给了两位美国的生物物理学家：Peter Agre和 Roderick MacKinnon，以分别表彰他们在细胞膜水通道(Water Channels)和离子通道(Ion Channels)的结构与功能研究方面的突破性成就。鉴于上述两方面工作都与医学领域的疾病诊断、治病机理乃至药物筛选等领域密切相关，CMBI特将两个奖项的获奖者背景、相关论文及网络链接资源等信息汇总于此，以供广大读者了解学习之用。

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
 
Paul C. Lauterbur Sir Peter Mansfield
1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize
USA United Kingdom
University of Illinois
Urbana, IL, USA		 University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy
Nottingham, United Kingdom
b. 1929 b. 1933
Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae

@ the Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

@ the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept. of Chemistry

@ the Beckman Institute

@ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham

@ personal homepage

Paul C. Lauterbur
  • Paramagnetic contrast agents in nuclear magnetic resonance medical imaging
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance technology for medical studies
  • Lactate quantitation in a gerbil brain stroke model by GSLIM of multiple-quantum-filtered signals. Generalized spectral localization by imaging
  • Diffusion measurement in phantoms and tissues using SLIM localization
  • A multiple echo pulse sequence for diffusion tensor imaging and its application in excised rat spinal cords
  • NMR imaging in biomedicine
  • SLIM: spectral localization by imaging
  • Voltage-sensitive magnetic gels as magnetic resonance monitoring agents
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of iron oxide-labeled neural transplants
  • Three-dimensional NMR microscopy of rat spleen and liver
  • Applications of reduced-encoding MR imaging with generalized-series reconstruction (RIGR)
  • Dendrimer-based metal chelates: a new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents
  • Design and analysis of microcoils for NMR microscopy
  • Fast dynamic imaging using two reference images
  • Application of reduced-encoding imaging with generalized-series reconstruction (RIGR) in dynamic MR imaging
  • Quantitative lactate-specific MR imaging and 1H spectroscopy of skeletal muscle at macroscopic and microscopic resolutions using a zero-quantum/double-quantum coherence filter and SLIM/GSLIM localization
  • A comparison of RIGR and SVD dynamic imaging methods
  • Progress in n.m.r. zeugmatography imaging
  • True three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance zeugmatographic images of a human brain
  • True three-dimensional image reconstruction by nuclear magnetic resonance zeugmatography
  • Three-dimensional nuclear-magnetic-resonance zeugmatographic imaging of surgical specimens
  • Rapid medium- resolution 3-D NMR zeugmatographic imaging of the head
  • Aspects of cardiac diagnosis using synchronized NMR imaging
  • NMR imaging of fluorine-containing substances. 19-Fluorine ventilation and perfusion studies
    • Peter Mansfield
  • Limits to magnetic resonance microscopy
  • Active Acoustic Control in Gradient Coils for MRI
  • Stochastic effects on single phase fluid flow in porous media
  • Fetal brain activity demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging
  • Validation of antroduodenal motility measurements made by echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging
  • Optimization of the ultrafast look-locker echo-planar imaging T1 mapping sequence
  • Fluid transport in glass beads phantoms: spatial velocity measurements and confirmation of the stochastic model
  • Fluid flow in porous systems
  • Fluid Transport in Porous Rocks. I. EPI Studies and a Stochastic Model of Flow
  • Fluid Transport in Porous Rocks. II. Hydrodynamic Model of Flow and Intervoxel Coupling
  • Rapid Volumetric NMR Imaging of Fluids in Porous Solids Using a 3D -EPI (PEPI) Hybrid
  • Simulating MRI flow maps in porous rocks: a new approach
  • Echo-planar microscopy of porous rocks
  • Transient flow through porous rocks studied by PEPI
  • A microscopic model of fluid transport in porous rocks
  • A Quiet Gradient-Coil Set Employing Optimized, Force-Shielded, Distributed Coil Designs
  • Quiet gradient coils: active acoustically and magnetically screened distributed transverse gradient designs
  • Active acoustic screening: design 1 principles for quiet gradient coils in MRI

    • The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003
    "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"
    "for the discovery of water channels" "for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
     
    Peter Agre Roderick MacKinnon
    1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize
    USA USA
    Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
    Baltimore, MD, USA    		 Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
    New York, NY, USA
    b. 1949
    Nobel Lecture Nobel Lecture

    @ Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

    @ the Rockefeller University

    @ An interview with Roderick MacKinnon from Scientific American

    @ An interview with Roderick MacKinnon from the Lasker Foundation



    Animations:Water channels in cell membranes

    Mpeg 13,1 MB »
    Usage of these pictures and movies are subject to permission from Drs. Emad Tajkhorshid (emad@ks.uiuc.edu) and Klaus Schulten (kschulte@ks.uiuc.edu). A reference to the original source is required (Tajkhorshid, E., Nollert, P., Jensen, M.O., Miercke, L.J., O'Connell, J., Stroud, R.M., and Schulten, K. (2002). Science 296, 525-530).
    Phone: +1-217-244-1604 (Schulten), +1-217-244-6914 (Tajkhorshid)

    Mpeg 7,94 MB »
    Usage of these pictures and movies are subject to permission from Drs. Bert de Groot (bgroot@gwdg.de) and Helmut Grubmüller (hgrubmu@gwdg.de). A reference to the original source is required (B.L. de Groot and H. Grubmüller: Science 294, 2353-2357).
    Phone +49-551-201-1306 (de Groot); +49-551-201-1763, -1334 (Grubmüller)


    Peter Agre
  • Rapid gating and anion permeability of an intracellular aquaporin
  • Structural determinants of water permeation through aquaporin-1
  • Defective cellular trafficking of lacrimal gland aquaporin-5 in Sjogren's syndrome
  • Defective urinary-concentrating ability due to a complete deficiency of aquaporin-1
  • Aquaporins in Saccharomyces: Characterization of a second functional water channel protein
  • Reconstitution and functional comparison of purified GlpF and AqpZ, the glycerol and water channels from Escherichia coli
  • Syntrophin-dependent expression and localization of Aquaporin-4 water channel protein
  • Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein
  • Reconstitution of functional water channels in liposomes containing purified red cell CHIP28 protein
  • Structure and function of water channels
  • Aquaporin water channels--from atomic structure to clinical medicine
  • Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels
  • Man Is not a rodent: aquaporins in the airways
  • Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels
  • Aquaporin water channels in kidney
  • Aquaporin water channels: atomic structure and molecular dynamics meet clinical medicine
  • The importance of aquaporin water channel protein structures
  • Aquaporins in health and disease
  • Respiratory aquaporins in lung inflammation: the night is young
  • The aquaporin family of water channel proteins in clinical medicine
  • The aquaporin family of water channels in kidney
  • Pathophysiology of the aquaporin water channels
  • Aquaporin water channels: unanswered questions and unresolved controversies
  • ABH and Colton blood group antigens on aquaporin-1, the human red cell water channel protein
  • Aquaporin CHIP: the archetypal molecular water channel
    • Roderick MacKinnon
  • The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity
  • Energetic optimization of ion conduction rate by the K+ selectivity filter
  • Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated potassium channel
  • The principle of gating charge movement in a voltage-dependent K+ channel
  • X-ray structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel
  • Gating the selectivity filter in ClC chloride channels
  • Functional analysis of an archaebacterial voltage-dependent K+ channel
  • Structural basis of inward rectification: cytoplasmic pore of the G protein-gated inward rectifier GIRK1 at 1.8 A resolution
  • Energetics of pore opening in a voltage-gated K(+) channel
  • Lipids in the structure, folding, and function of the KcsA K+ channel
  • Semisynthesis and folding of the potassium channel KcsA
  • The open pore conformation of potassium channels
  • Nothing automatic about ion-channel structures
  • X-ray structure of a ClC chloride channel at 3.0 A reveals the molecular basis of anion selectivity
  • Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K+ channel-Fab complex at 2.0 A resolution
  • Potassium channel receptor site for the inactivation gate and quaternary amine inhibitors
  • Structure of the RCK domain from the E. coli K+ channel and demonstration of its presence in the human BK channel
  • Structure of the cytoplasmic beta subunit-T1 assembly of voltage-dependent K+ channels
  • Energetic and structural interactions between delta-dendrotoxin and a voltage-gated potassium channel
  • The barium site in a potassium channel by x-ray crystallography
  • Ion channels: from idea to reality
  • Structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel beta subunit
  • Isolation of a single carboxyl-carboxylate proton binding site in the pore of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel
  • The cavity and pore helices in the KcsA K+ channel: electrostatic stabilization of monovalent cations
  • Crystal structure and functional analysis of the HERG potassium channel N terminus: a eukaryotic PAS domain
  • Mapping the receptor site for hanatoxin, a gating modifier of voltage-dependent K+ channels
  • Purification, characterization, and synthesis of an inward-rectifier K+ channel inhibitor from scorpion venom
  • Hanatoxin modifies the gating of a voltage-dependent K+ channel through multiple binding sites
  • Crystal structures of a complexed and peptide-free membrane protein-binding domain: molecular basis of peptide recognition by PDZ
  • Contribution of the S4 segment to gating charge in the Shaker K+ channel
    • Last Modified: 2003-10-10