2004 诺贝尔医学生理学奖


         瑞典时间10月4日,瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院和瑞典皇家科学院宣布了本年度诺贝尔医学生理学奖的归属。美国科学家Richard AxelLinda B.Buck因为在气味受体和嗅觉系统的研究贡献而一同分享了今年的生理学医学奖。
        在人类诸种感觉中,嗅觉产生机理一直是最难解开的谜团之一。两位获奖者清楚地阐明了人类嗅觉系统的工作方式。气味的物质首先与气味受体结合,气味受体位于鼻上皮的气味受体细胞中。气味受体被气味分子激活后,气味受体细胞就会产生电信号传输到大脑嗅球的微小区域中,并进而传至大脑其他区域。由此,人就能有意识地感受到气味,并在另一个时候想起这种气味。人体约有1000个基因用来编码气味受体细胞膜上的不同气味受体,这占人体基因总数的约3%。人的嗅觉系统具有高度“专业化”的特征,每个气味受体细胞会对有限的几种相关分子作出反应。尽管气味受体只有约1000种,但它们可以产生大量的组合,形成大量的气味模式,这也就是人们能够辨别和记忆约1万种不同气味的基础。
        CMBI特将两位获奖者背景、相关论文及网络链接资源等信息汇总于此,以供广大读者了解学习之用。


The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004

"odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
 
Richard Axel Linda B. Buck
Richard Axel Linda B. Buck
half 1/2 of the prize half 1/2 of the prize
USA USA
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, Hammer Health Sciences Center
New York, NY, USA
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, WA, USA
b. 1946 b. 1947
Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae

@ Howard Hughes Medical Institute

@ The Axel Lab

@ Columbia University

"Scents and Sensibility: Towards a Molecular Logic of Perception" - a lecture by Richard Axel from Columbia University

@ Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

@ Howard Hughes Medical Institute

 

Richard Axel
  • Buck, L., and Axel, R. (1991) A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell, 65: 175-187.
  • Dulac, C., and Axel, R. (1995) A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals. Cell, 83:195-206.
  • Mombaerts, P.,Wang, F., Dulac,C., Chao, S.K., Nemes, A., Mendelsohn, M. Edmondson, J. and Axel, R. (1996) Visualizing an olfactory sensory map. Cell 87, 675-686.
  • Vosshall, L.B., Wong, A.M., and Axel R. (2000) An olfactory sensory map in the fly brain. Cell, 102:147-159.
  • Gogos, J.A., Osborne, J., Nemes, A., Mendelsohn, M., Axel, R. (2000) Genetic ablation and restoration of the olfactory topographic map. Cell, 103:609-620.
  • Scott, K., Brady, R. Jr, Cravchik, A., Morozov, P., Rzhetsky, A., Zuker, C., and Axel, R. (2001) A chemosensory gene family encoding candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in Drosophila. Cell, 104:661-673.
  • Wong, A.M., Wang, J.W.,and Axel R. (2002) Spatial Representation of the Glomerular Map in the Drosophila Protocerebrum. Cell, 109:229-241.
  • Wang, J.W., Wong, A.M., Flores, J., Vosshall, L.B., and Axel, R. (2003) Two-photon calcium imaging reveals an odor-evoked map of activity in the fly brain. Cell, 112:271-282.

  • Linda B. Buck
  • Zou Z, Horowitz LF, Montmayeur JP, Snapper S, Buck LB. Genetic tracing reveals a stereotyped sensory map in the olfactory cortex. Nature. 414(6860): 173-9, Nov 2001
  • Sam M, Vora S, Malnic B, Ma W, Novotny MV, Buck LB. Neuropharmacology. Odorants may arouse instinctive behaviours. Nature. 412(6843): 142, Jul 2001
  • ontmayeur JP, Liberles SD, Matsunami H, Buck LB. A candidate taste receptor gene near a sweet taste locus. Nature Neuroscience. 4(5): 492-8, May 2001
  • Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB. A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse. Nature. 404(6778): 601-4, Apr 2000
  • Buck LB. The molecular architecture of odor and pheromone sensing in mammals. Cell. 100(6): 611-8, Mar 2000
  • Malnic B, Hirono J, Sato T, Buck LB. Combinatorial receptor codes for odors. Cell. 96(5): 713-23, Mar 1999
  • Matsunami H, Buck LB. A multigene family encoding a diverse array of putative pheromone receptors in mammals. Cell. 90(4): 775-84, Aug 1997
  • Buck LB. Unraveling chemosensory diversity. Cell. 83(3): 349-52, Nov 1995
  • Ressler KJ, Sullivan SL, Buck LB. Information coding in the olfactory system: evidence for a stereotyped and highly organized epitope map in the olfactory bulb. Cell. 79(7): 1245-55, Dec 1994
  • Ressler KJ, Sullivan SL, Buck LB. A zonal organization of odorant receptor gene expression in the olfactory epithelium. Cell. 73(3): 597-609, May 1993
  • Ngai J, Dowling MM, Buck L, Axel R, Chess A. The family of genes encoding odorant receptors in the channel catfish. Cell. 72(5): 657-66, Mar 1993

  • Last Modified: 2004-10-04