1) Which ONE of the following statements is FALSE:

Virus genomes may consist of:

   a) Double-stranded DNA

   b) Single-stranded plus sense DNA

   c) Single-stranded minus sense DNA

   d) Double-stranded RNA

   e) Single-stranded plus sense RNA

   f) Single-stranded minus sense RNA

2) Which ONE of the following statements is FALSE:

   a) The largest virus genomes are smaller than the smallest bacterial genomes.

   b) Viruses have been extensively studied because they have the simplest genomes known.

   c) The genomes of some plants are larger than those of some mammals.

   d) Viruses have the smallest genomes known except for those of some plants.

   e) There is an 80-fold difference in size between the largest and the smallest virus genomes.

3) The next five questions are all linked:

Questions likely to be asked about any virus genome will usually include the following:

a) Composition - DNA or RNA, single-stranded or double-stranded, linear or ________.

b) Size and ______ of segments.

c) Nucleotide ________.

d) Protein coding capacity - open reading ______.

e) Regulatory signals - _____________ enhancers, promoters and terminators.

4) Which ONE of the following statements is FALSE:

   a) Transfection is a virus infection of cells caused by nucleic acid alone.

   b) Infectious virus particles can be 'rescued' from purified or cloned nucleic acids.

   c) Virus genomes which consist of plus sense RNA are infectious when the purified vRNA is applied to cells in the absence of any virus proteins.

   d) Virus genomes which consist of double-stranded DNA are generally infectious when the purified DNA is applied to cells in the absence of any virus proteins.

   e) Virus genomes which consist of minus sense RNA are infectious when the purified vRNA is applied to cells in the absence of any virus proteins.

5) The following five questions all refer to positive-strand RNA virus genomes:

a) Single-stranded RNA genomes vary in size from those of _____________ at approximately 30kb long to those of bacteriophages such as MS2 and Qbeta at about 3.5kb.

b) Purified plus sense vRNA is generally infectious when applied to susceptible host cells in the absence of any virus ________.

c) There is usually an ____________ region (UTR) at the 5' end of the genome which does not encode any proteins and a shorter UTR at the 3' end.

d) The UTRs are functionally important in virus ___________ and are thus conserved in spite of the pressure to reduce genome size.

e) Both ends of (+)stranded eukaryotic virus genomes are often modified, the 5' end by a small, covalently attached protein or a methylated nucleotide 'cap' structure and the 3' end by polyadenylation. These signals allow vRNA to be recognized by host cells and to function as ____.

6) Which ONE of the following statements about negative-strand RNA virus genomes is FALSE:

   a) Segmentation is a common though not universal feature of negative-strand RNA virus genomes.

   b) Negative-sense RNA genomes are never infectious as purified vRNA.

   c) All negative-sense RNA virus particles contain an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

   d) Purified negative-sense genomes are translated on transfection to make virus proteins.

   e) Some negative-sense RNA viruses also contain ambisense genome segments.

7) Which DNA virus genome does this diagram represent:

   a) Bacteriophage M13

   b) Bacteriophage lambda

   c) Parvovirus

   d) Polyomavirus

   e) Herpesvirus

8) Which ONE of the following statements is FALSE:

   a) Herpesviruses have very large genomes composed of up to 230kbp DNA.

   b) Herpesviruses genomes are composed of linear, single-stranded DNA.

   c) Some herpesvirus genomes consist of two covalently joined sections, a unique long (UL) and a unique short (US) region.

   d) Some herpesvirus genomes exist as a mixture of four isomers.

   e) Some herpesvirus genomes contain multiple repeated sequences.

10) The next 5 questions refer to Adenovirus genomes:

a) Adenoviruses consist of linear, double-stranded DNA of __ to 38kbp.

b) Adenovirus genomes contain 30 to __ genes.

c) The terminal sequences of each DNA strand are inverted repeats of 100-140bp which are important in DNA ___________.

d) Clusters of genes are expressed from a limited number of shared _________.

e) Multiply-spliced mRNAs and alternative splicing patterns are used to express a variety of ____________ from each promoter.

11) Which ONE of the following statements about segmented and multipartite virus genomes is FALSE:

   a) Segmented virus genomes are those which are divided into two or more physically separate molecules of nucleic acid, all of which are then packaged into a single virus particle.

   b) Multipartite genomes are those which are segmented and where each genome segment is packaged into a separate virus particle.

   c) All known multipartite viruses infect plants.

   d) Bipartite viruses have two genome segments, tripartite viruses have three genome segments.

   e) All known viruses with segmented genomes infect plants.